Microbiology Final (Infections/diseases)

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Sexually Transmitted disease

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STD

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An inflammation with sudden onset and pain in the bladder

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Crystitis

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A polymicrobial syndrome associated with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria and vaginal discharge

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Vaginosis

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A vaginal infection often associated with disruption of normal flora of women by antibiotics.

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Candidaalbicans

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A commonly prescribed antifungal agent used to treat yeast infections

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Nystatin

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STD Associated with gram - diploocci in urethral pus

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Gonorrhea

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Pelvic inflammatory disease, often associated with STDs

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PID

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STD caused by spherical intracellular bacteria that form characteristic inclusion bodies

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Chlamydia

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Disease known as the great imitator

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Syphilis

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Open sore associated with site of syphilis infection

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Hardchancre

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Open sore associated with chancroid

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Softchancre

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The major character of tertiary syphilis infection

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Gumma

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A form of disease passed from mother to child or fetus

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Congenitial

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Genital disease associated with HSV type 2

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Herpes

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Viral infection associated with cervical cancer

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HPV

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A type of virus that reverse transcribes its RNA genome to DNA

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Retro

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Enzyme responsible for reverse transcription of HIV genome

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Reversetranscriptase

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An enzyme that cleaves the HIV preprotein allowing the maturation of the virus

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Protease

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An enzyme of HIV that allows its DNA to incorporate into the host cell chromosome

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Integrase

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The study of disease

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Pathology

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The study of the cause of a disease

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Etiology

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The development of disease

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Pathogenesis

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Colonization of the body by pathogens

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Infection

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An adnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

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Disease

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Relatoinship where one organism is benefited and the other is unaffected

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Commensalism

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A relationship where both orgainisms benefit

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Mutualism

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A relationship where one organism is benefited at the expense of the other

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Parasitism

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A type of competition between microbes that try to inhabit the same niche

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Antagonism

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Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

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Probiotics

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A disease that is spread fromone host to another

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Communicable

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A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

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Contagious

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A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

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Noncommunicable

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Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time (cases per year)

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Incidence

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Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time (cases per 100,000 or a %)

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Prevalence

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A disease that occurs occasionally in a population

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Sporadic

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A disease constantly present in a population

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Endemic

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A disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

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Epidemic

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Worldwide epidemic

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Pandemic

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Immunity in most of a population that confers immunity to susceptible members

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Herd

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A disease where symptoms develop rapidly

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Acute

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A disease develops slowly

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Chronic

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Symptoms between acute and chronic

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Subacute

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A disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive

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Latent

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An infection where pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

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Local

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An infection throughout the body

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Systemic

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A systemic infection that began as a local infection

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Focal

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Continual sources of infection also normal habitat of the organism

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Reservoir

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Microbe-laden respiratory droplets

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Aersol

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An inanimate object that can transmit disease

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Fomite

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A disease that is spread fromone host to another

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Communicable

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A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

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Contagious

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A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

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Noncommunicable

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Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time (cases per year)

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Incidence

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Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time (cases per 100,000 or a %)

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Prevalence

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A disease that occurs occasionally in a population

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Sporadic

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A disease constantly present in a population

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Endemic

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A disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

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Epidemic

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Worldwide epidemic

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Pandemic

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Immunity in most of a population that confers immunity to susceptible members

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Herd

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An influenza spike protein that helps attach the virus

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Hemagglutinin

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An influenza spike that hydrolyzes mucus and helps the virus bud

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Neuraminidase

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Small droplet of moisture often from sneezing or speaking

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Aersol

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The species of Streptococcus that causes Streptococcal Pharyngitis

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Pyogenes

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The Lancefield carbohydrate antigen group of S. Pyogenes

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Group A

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A secondary disease of Streptococcus pyogenes

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Scarlet Fever

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A secondary disease such as quinsy or rheumatic fever

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Sequelae

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A type of bacteriophage that incorporates its genome into a bacterium's genome

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Lysogenic

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A severe upper respirtory disease associated with a potent AB toxin

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Diptheria

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The characteristic throat lesion associated with Diptheria

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Pseudomembrane

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The virulence factor associated with lysogenic conversion of Corynbacterium diptheria

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Diptheriatoxin

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Form of infection associated with skin

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Cutaneous

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The abbreviation for the diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine given to most children in the U.S.

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DPT

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The virus associated with most cases of the common cold

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Rhinovirus

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The etiological agent responsible for Adenoviral Pharyngitis

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Adenovirus

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The type of pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia

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Pneumococcal

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The morphology associated with bacteria coughed up by pneumococcal pneumonia patients

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diplococci

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A secondary infection where microorganisms enter the bloodstream

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Septicemia

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Infection associated with the heart and related membranes

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Endocarditis

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Infection associated with the membranes surrounding the central nervous system

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Meningitis

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Genus of enteric bacteria that can cause pneumonia with red sputum

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Klebsiella

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A carbohydrate coating surrounding many pathogenic bacteria

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Capsule

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The process used by white blood cells that is used to capture pathogens entering tissues

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Phagocytosis

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The genus of mycoplasm that is associated with pneumonia

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Mycoplasma

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A change in a virus's antigenic signature resulting from recombination of a genome segments of different types of virus

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Antigenic Shift

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A change in the antigens on the surface of a viral envelope due to random mutations

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Antigenic Drift

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A disease that usually has an animal reservoir

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Zoonotic

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An epidemic that spread world-wide

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Pandemic

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The common name of th H1N1 strain of the Influenza A virus that caused the worst flu pandemic in recorded history

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Spanish

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Non specific mechanism created by ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract

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Cilliary Escalator

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Genus of acid-fast bacterium that causes TB

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Mycobacterium

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Purified Protein Derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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PPD

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A disease caused by an exotoxin of Clostridium tetani

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Tetanus

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A disease known to be caused by a Clostridium perfringens

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Gasgangrene

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The removal of infected of affected tissues by surgical means

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Debribement

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An abbreviation for Group A Streptococcus, not Gas Gangrene

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GAS

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Secondary diseases, such as scarlet fever

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Sequelae

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The species of Streptococcus that causes pharyngitis

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Pyogenes

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A toxin that lysis red blood cells

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Hemolytic

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Small respiratory droplets often the agent of repiratory transmission of disease

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Aersol

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A disease caused by an orgainism through lysogenic conversion to produce a potent exotoxin and a characteristic pseudomembrane on tonsils

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Diptheria

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Purified Protein Derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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PPD

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A disease caused by an exotoxin of Clostridium tetani

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Tetanus

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A disease known to be caused by a Clostridium perfringens

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Gasgangrene

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The removal of infected of affected tissues by surgical means

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Debribement

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An abbreviation for Group A Streptococcus, not Gas Gangrene

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GAS

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Secondary diseases, such as scarlet fever

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Sequelae

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The species of Streptococcus that causes pharyngitis

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Pyogenes

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A toxin that lysis red blood cells

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Hemolytic

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Small respiratory droplets often the agent of repiratory transmission of disease

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Aersol

Front 110

A disease caused by an orgainism through lysogenic conversion to produce a potent exotoxin and a characteristic pseudomembrane on tonsils

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Diptheria

Front 111

Purified Protein Derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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PPD

Front 112

A disease caused by an exotoxin of Clostridium tetani

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Tetanus

Front 113

A disease known to be caused by a Clostridium perfringens

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Gasgangrene

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The removal of infected of affected tissues by surgical means

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Debribement

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An abbreviation for Group A Streptococcus, not Gas Gangrene

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GAS

Front 116

Secondary diseases, such as scarlet fever

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Sequelae

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The species of Streptococcus that causes pharyngitis

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Pyogenes

Front 118

A toxin that lysis red blood cells

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Hemolytic

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Small respiratory droplets often the agent of repiratory transmission of disease

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Aersol

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A disease caused by an orgainism through lysogenic conversion to produce a potent exotoxin and a characteristic pseudomembrane on tonsils

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Diptheria

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Causative agent of 30 - 50% of all common colds

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Rhino Virus

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Your bodies normal defense against the common cold, reduction of symptoms may prolong the disease

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Inflammation

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A common cause of viral sore throat, characterized by runny nose, sore throat, and fever

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Adenovirus

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The genus of yeast involved in most cases of yeast infections

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Candida

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Diagnosed by presence of gram - diplococcus in vaginal or urethral pus.

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Gonorrhea

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An effective treatment for anaerobic bacteria and some protozoans

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Metronidazole

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The species of Staphylococcus identifed by the production of the exoenzyme coagulase

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Aureus

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The species of staphylococcus that is often associated with bacterial endocarditis and a normal member of your microbiota

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Epidermidis

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An STD caused by Treponema pallidum often reffered to as the3 great imitator

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Syphilis

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A type of virus that causes cold sores, chickenpox, and a STD

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Herpes

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A virus that causes warts on various body parts and is implicated in many cases of cancer, especially cervicl cancer

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Papillomavirus

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Genus of blue-green pigmented bacteria that often infects wounds, especially burns.

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Pseudomonas

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Pus forming, especially in some wound infections

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Pyogenic

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A potent exoenzyme that cleaves phospholipids

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Phospholipidase

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Common genus of spore forming gram - rods that cuase necrotic or toxic diseases

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Clostridium

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Species of Clostridium that causes clostridial myonecrosis

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Perfringens

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Causes Red pigmented sputum in pneumonia patients

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Klebsiella

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A synonym for causative

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Etiologic

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Genus of small bacteria that lack a cell wall.

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Mycoplasma

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Another name for whooping cough, related to species of organism that causes the disease.

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Pertussis

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Purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis used for TB test

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PPD