Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
bacteria |
single celled, have a cell wall with peptidoglycan, lack amembrane-bound nucleus |
|
|
gram (+) |
stain purple, thick peptidoglycan, cell walls (composed primarily ofpeptidoglycans, contain large amounts of teichoic acids ‘negatively charged’which help maintain cell envelope, protect from environmental substances, andbind to host cells, have a layer of proteins on surface of peptidoglycan.Periplasmic Space lies between plasma membrane and cell wall and is smallerthan that of gram-negative bacteria, periplasm has relatively few proteins,enzymes secreted by gram-positive bacteria are called exoenzymes, aid indegradation of large nutrients |
|
|
Gram (-) |
more complex than gram positive ;stain pink or red; thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane (lipids, lipoproteins,and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), no techoic acids. Periplasmic space constitutes20-40% of cell volume, many enzymes present in periplasmic, hydrolytic,transport, and other proteins. Outermembrane lies outside the thinpeptidoglycan layer, Braun’s lipoproteins connect outer membrane topeptidoglycan: 3 parts – lipid A (embedded in outer membrane) corepolysaccharide, O side chain (antigen) extend out from the cell. LPS –contributes to negative charge on cell surface, attachment to surfaces andbiofilm formation, permeability layer, protection from host defense (O antigen)can acts as an endotoxin (lipid A), outer membrane more permeable than plasmamembrane due to presence of porin proteins and transporter proteins |
|
|
archaea |
lack peptidoglycan, different lipids in membrane, have a lipid monolayer(extremophiles) |
|
|
translocation |
energy dependent transport that chemicallymodifies molecule as it is brought into cell, best known system is PTS (movesglucose, fructose and mannose, five proteins required, energy derived fromphosphoenolpyruvate) |
|
|
ABC transporter |
primary active transporters use ATP – ATP Bindingcassette transporter, observed in Bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes. Consists of3 parts: substrate binding protein, membrane integrated transporter, ATP hydrolyzingprotein |
|
|
plasmid |
carry the genes that confer special abilities, not any essential bacteria |
