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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which microorganisms are classified ad prokerayotes
1 algae 2 archaeobacteria 3 protazoans 4 yeasts |
archaeobacteria
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The gram stain is an example of what type of stain?
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differential
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The presence of a spore in a vegetative bacterial cell helps establish that the organism is of which genus?
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Bacillus and Clostridium
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Euglena gracilis is generally classified as having which nutrition process?
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Autotriphic
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In a mixes culture a particular bacterial species represents 0.01% of the total cell population what is the best way to isolate this species in a pure culture?
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Grow the culture on an enrichment medium and then use the streak plate method
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A barrier that pervents the passage of bacteria, but not smaller particles is placed between a genetic donor and a genetic recipient. Which gene transfer will be stopped by this barrier?
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Conjugation
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If a bacterial gene coding for a receptor protein were to be mutated so that is would no longer bind to the operator site on the DNA what would happen to the structural genes controlled by that repressor?
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The RNA polymerase would always find and open promotor/operon region. Thus it would be permanently turned on.
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What can be determined from the one step growth curve exhibited by lytic bacteriophage?
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the average number of viruses released per infected cell
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Which method ensures sterilization because of its high sporicidal activity?
desiccation pasteurization pressurized steam UV light |
Pressurized steam is used for sterilization in the autoclave where it penetrates tough bacterial spores and destroys them quickly
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How does moist heat kill bacteria?
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small temperature increases lead to denature some proteins
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In which form of dadiation does the killing oc cells result from inactiviation of sensitive macromolecules by free radicals such as the hydroxyl radical?
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Ionizing radiation is powerful enough to ionize water by causing atoms to change to ions
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Why is the pratice of adding antibiotics to animal feed controversal?
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The practice preferentially allows the growth of bacteria strains that are resistant to drugs used to treat human infections.
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Which microorganism is a common, normal inhabitant of the human intestine?
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Escherichia coli
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How do tears and saliva disrupt the cell walls of gram positive bacteria?
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Lysosome in tears and saliva weakens the cell wall by rupturing peptidoglycan layers
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What do high serum titers of IgM indicate?
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IgM antibodies are the primary response to exposure to an antigen.
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A child immunized with a polio vaccine will develop which type of immunity
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artificially acquired, active
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Why is streptococcus pneumonia resistant to destruction by phagocytosis?
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The large capsule of S. pneumoniae prevents the phagocyte from adhering to the cell.
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a newborn in an intensive care nursery has low birth weight and shows signs of cataracts and a heart murmur. Maternal history shows undiagnosed upper respiratory tract infection with low-grade fever and mild skin rash during the third week of pregnancy. Which microbial agent would be most likely be responsible for these occurences in both mother and newborn?
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Rubella often goes undetected and can produce the signs described in the newborn if contracted in the first trimester of pregnancy
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A pultry processor comes to the clinic complaining of chronic cough and general malaise. X-rays show calcified nodules on lungs. TB test and acid-fast test negative. Sputum samples show large fungs-like oval cells, often inside leukocytes. What is the most probable cause of the persons signs and symptoms?
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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What is the mechanism that leads to death in patients with cholera
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fluid and electrolyte loss
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Why are there more females than male carriers of gonorrhea in the US?
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Females are often asymptomatic and therefore fail to seek treatment.
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What does the presence of coliform bacteria in drinking water supply indicate?
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The water is potentially dangerous to drink, because the water is contaminated with soil or sewage. Coliforms are indicator organisms for the presence of human waste in water.
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Which disease may be prevented y immunizing with a toxiod?
small pox tetanus TB typhoid fever |
Tetanus toxoid is used in the DPT vaccine to produce immunity against tetanus
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A microorganism used in an industrial setting to produce antibiotics should ideally exhibit what characteristic?
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A secondary metabolite. Antibiotics are secondary metabolites that are easy to retrieve if in an appropriate growth medium.
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The conversion of ethanol in wine to acetic acid occurs under which circumstance?
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When wine is exposed to air too long, acid-forming bacteria use the oxygen to convert the ethanol in wine to acetic acid.
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What type of bacterial cell wall would contain lipopolysaccharide
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Gram-negative
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Which of the following would be found in bacteria but not in a eukaryotic microbe
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Peptidoglycan
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What term refers to small,circular, autonomously replicating DNA molecules in bacteria?
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Plasmid
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What bacteria have a flexible spiral shape?
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Spirochetes
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What are packets of four spherical bacteria best called?
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Tetrads
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What factor limits the performance of any optical instrument?
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Resoulution
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who performed the first PCR reaction with a heat-stable DNA polymerase
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Mullins
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What kind of media is used to increase the numbers of rare members of a sample
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Enrichment
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Who first used agar to solidify bacterial media?
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Hess
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what type of microscopy can give a three-dimensional view of a bacterial cell?
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Scanning Electron
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What antibacterial compound did Ehrlich use to treat syphilis?
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Salvarsan
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Who discovered viruses
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Ivanowski
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Who disproved the spontaneous generation of flies
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Redi
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Who first observed cells in cork tissue?
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Hooke
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Bacteria That thrive at temperature above 40 C are best called
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Thermophiles
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Which of therse is a plant pathogen comprised of a small, naked and circular RNA molecule?
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Viroid
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What is the first step in the viral infective cycle
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Attachment
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What term describes viruses that attack bacteria?
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Bacteriophage
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What are the protein subuints of a viral capsid called?
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Monomers
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What group of protozoans consist entirely of obligate parasites
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Sporozoa
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What factor is used to classify the protozoans?
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Motility
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What class of algae contains kelp?
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Brown
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What class of fungi contains the mushroom and other club fungi?
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Basidiomycetes
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What eukaryotic organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in apoptosis?
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Lysosome
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What eukaryotic organelle is involved in lipid biosynthesis?
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Smooth ER
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Movement of a microbe toward light is best termed what?
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Phototaxis
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What structure is used to bind to a recipient cell during conjugation?
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Pilus
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What type of bacterial cell wall would contain mycolic acid?
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Acid Fast
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What kinds of microorganisms are non-photosynthetic and contain chitin in their cell walls
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Fungi
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