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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nonspecific immunity, nonspecific defense
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mechanisms or structures in the body that help prevent infections regardless of previous exposure
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specific immune response
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this consists of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
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humoral immunity
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the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell). Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction.
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cell-mediated immunity
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an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and natural killer cells, the production of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
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skin
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first line of the immune defense, being the most exposed part of the body as it has contact to the outside of the body
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mucus membranes
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mucus-secreting membranes lining the body openings and cavities, closing them to possible invasions
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mucus
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rich in antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins, used to ward off pathogens before they cause an infection
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phagocyte
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ingests and destroys foreign matter such as microorganisms or debris. Extremely useful as an initial immune system response to tissue damage.
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phagocytosis
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process by which which cells ingest and kill offending cells by a process analogous to cellular digestion, usually using lysosomes which carry potent enzymes that digests cell components such as other lipids or proteins
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lymph system
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comprised of three interrelated functions: (1) Removal of excess fluids, lymph, from body tissues, (2) Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system and (3) Formation of white blood cells (WBCs), and initiation of immunity through the formation of antibodies, lending specific resistance to pathogens.
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opsonin
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any molecule that acts as a binding enhancer for the process of phagocytosis, for example, by coating the negatively-charged molecules on the membrane
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interferons (IFNs)
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class of natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune systems of most animals in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor cells. These belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines.
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transferrin
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A plasma protein for iron ion delivery. Scavenges iron and makes the blood iron poor, limiting bacterial growth.
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leukocytes
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a.k.a. white blood cells
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leukocytes
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produced in the bone marrow and help to defend the body against infectious disease and foreign materials as part of the immune system
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