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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
nonspecific immunity, nonspecific defense
mechanisms or structures in the body that help prevent infections regardless of previous exposure
specific immune response
this consists of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
humoral immunity
the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell). Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction.
cell-mediated immunity
an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and natural killer cells, the production of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
skin
first line of the immune defense, being the most exposed part of the body as it has contact to the outside of the body
mucus membranes
mucus-secreting membranes lining the body openings and cavities, closing them to possible invasions
mucus
rich in antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins, used to ward off pathogens before they cause an infection
phagocyte
ingests and destroys foreign matter such as microorganisms or debris. Extremely useful as an initial immune system response to tissue damage.
phagocytosis
process by which which cells ingest and kill offending cells by a process analogous to cellular digestion, usually using lysosomes which carry potent enzymes that digests cell components such as other lipids or proteins
lymph system
comprised of three interrelated functions: (1) Removal of excess fluids, lymph, from body tissues, (2) Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system and (3) Formation of white blood cells (WBCs), and initiation of immunity through the formation of antibodies, lending specific resistance to pathogens.
opsonin
any molecule that acts as a binding enhancer for the process of phagocytosis, for example, by coating the negatively-charged molecules on the membrane
interferons (IFNs)
class of natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune systems of most animals in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor cells. These belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines.
transferrin
A plasma protein for iron ion delivery. Scavenges iron and makes the blood iron poor, limiting bacterial growth.
leukocytes
a.k.a. white blood cells
leukocytes
produced in the bone marrow and help to defend the body against infectious disease and foreign materials as part of the immune system