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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Micrococcus is part of what family and describe it?
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Micrococcus is part of the micrococcaceae family and is gram positve aerobic cocci in clusters.There are 3 common species of micrococcus M. luteus, M. roseus & m. Varians harmless.
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Which is coagulase positive s.aureus or S. epidermidis?
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S. Aureus is coagulase positive all other species of staph are negative.
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S. Aureus is causes what kind of infections?
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staph aureus cause soft tissue infections as well as TSS
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What are the major groups of Staphylococcus?
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Staph aureus and staph epidermidis are the two major groups
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Staph aureus will turn a blood agar what color?
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It produces a beta hemolycis-clearing/ golden and lysis the red cells
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Name some of the Staph aureus virulence factors?
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s. Aureus pathogenic effects are associated with the toxins it produce, enterotoxin, leukocidin, catalse, hyaluronidase, lipase, nuclease, lactamase, coagulase, staphylokinase.
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What does leukocidin do?
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Leukocidin ia a toxin which destorys white blood cells and leads to formation of pus and acne
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What does catalase do when released by s. aureus?
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Catalase breakdown hydrogen peroxide inhibits the killing by the PMN (Neutraphil)
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What does Hyaluronidase do when release by S. aureus?
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Hyaluronidase breaks down the connective tissue. It is know as the spreading factor.
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Coagulase when release by S. aureus has what effect?
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Coagulase when release by S. aureus causes clots by the activation of fibrin
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What does staphylokinase do when it is release by s.aureus?
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Staphylokinase when released by S. aureus breaks down clots by degrading fibrin
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Where is S. aureus considered to be normal flora?
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S. aureus is considered to be normal flora anterior nares, nasopharynx, perineal area and skin
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How is S. aureus spread?
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S. aureus is spread from person to person by fomites, air, or unwashed hands of health care workers.
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Who is susceptibile to S. aureus?
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Newborns, breastfeeding women, people with skin disorders, surgical incisions, weakened immune system or chronic disease, diabetes,, lung disease, diease of veins andarteries and cancer, IV catheters for more than 1 or 2 days.
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Staphyloccocci tend to infect the skin where else can they cause problems and how?
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Staph can infect skin get into the blood stream and cause problems with the heart-endocarditis, bones osteomyelitis, pneumonia people with chronnic lung disease-opportunistic.
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Due to toxins released by staphylococcal what problems can arise?
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Due to toxins, it causes food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and scalded skin syndrome.
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What kind of treatment is given for MRSA?
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Currently on Vancomycin nd Imipenem is given for MRSA
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What are standard precautions taken to lower the risk of spreading MRSA?
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Handwashing, gloving, masking,gowning, appropriate device handling, appropriate handling of laundry.
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What is the difference between a vacuale, bulli,pustule, and mascule
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The difference is the location Vacuale and bulli are on the surface bulli longer and into other tissue and mascule and pustule are in the dermis
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What is a form of staph aureus that children tend to get on their skin?
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Impetigo is a common skin disease with children.
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What is scalded skin syndrome?
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It is a staph infection that produce a exfoliatin toxin that sluffs off the skin and produce bullous lesions where only toxin is found not bugs. It will normally heal without scarring
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What are the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome?
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Symptoms of TSS are high grad fever, headache, myalagia, hyoptension, rash similiar to scalded skin syndrome, & diarrhea
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What causes TSS?
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TSS is caused by S. Aureus toxin it is a superantigen causing disease by eliciting production of cytokines from host immune system
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Why did super absorbant tampons cause TSS?
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The tampons worked like a sponge and gave s. aureus a place to grow and over produce
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Food poisoning from staph aureus is caused by what?
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Food poisoning is caused by a toxin because food is left at room temperature that should be refrigerated. Symptoms 2- 12 hours after eating.
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What is a common cause of death for severe burn victims?
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Staphylococcal aureus bacteremia is a common casue of death in burn victims
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Name some normal flora of staphyloccoci?
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s. epidermidis- lives on skin & mucous membranes, s. hominis- lives around apocrine weat glands, s. capitis- live on scalp, face, external ear, s.saprophyticus-infrequently live on skin, intestine, vagina causes UTI
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S. saprophyticus can cause what disease?
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S. saprophyticus can cause UTI
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What can s. epidermidis cause if vulnerable?
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S. epidermidis can cause endocarditis, bacteremis, & UTI
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Describe streptococci?
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Streptococci is a gram positvie spherical cocci in chains.
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What color does strepoccoci turn a blood agar?
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Strep alpha will turn it green, a Beta it will be clear and Gamma will not do any thing.
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What is used to identify the different types of streptococci?
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A blood agar is used to identify good from bad.
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