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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mycorrhizae
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symbiotic fungi
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mycology.
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study of fungi
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Fungi cell type
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Eukaryotic
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Cell Membrane
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Sterols present
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Fungi cell wall
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Glucans; mannans; chitin (no peptidoglycan)
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Glucan
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a polysaccharide of D-glucose monomers linked by glycosidic bonds.
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Mannan
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plant polysaccharide that is a polymer of the sugar mannose
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Chitin
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long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.
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thallus
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body of a fungus
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hyphae
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filaments of a cell that make up the thallus
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septa
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cross walls of hyphae that divide them into distinct uni-nucleate units
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Types of Hypha
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portion of a hypha that obtains nutrients
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vegetative hypha
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portion of the hypha concerned with reproduction
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reproductive or aerial hypha
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When environmental conditions are suitable, the name of the filamentous mass which is visible to the unaided eye
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mycelium
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aerial: reproductive portion
vegetative: nutrient obtaining part |
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Yeast attributes
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-nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi
-oval |
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Budding yeasts
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Divide unevenly
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pseudohypha
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yeasts that produce buds that fail to detach them-selves; form a short chain of cells
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Fission yeasts
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divide evenly to produce two new cells
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yeast products with oxygen
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carbon dioxide and water
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yeast products without oxygen
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ethanol and carbon dioxide
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dimorphism
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-Two forms of growth
-Fungi that can grow either as a mold or as a yeast -effected by temperature or CO2 concentration |
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spores
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formed from aerial hyphae in a number of different ways, depending on the species
asexual or sexual |
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Asexual spores
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formed from the hyphae of one organism
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Sexual spores
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result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus
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Asexual spores
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produced by an individual
fungus through mitosis and subsequent cell division; there is no fusion of the nuclei of cells. |
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conidiospore
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a unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac
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Two types of asexual fungi
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-conidiospore
-sporangiospore |
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conidiospore
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sporangiospore
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Three phases of Sexual spores in Fungi
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I. Plasmogamy. A haploid nucleus of a donor cell (+)
penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell (-). 2. Karyogamy. The (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus. 3. Meiosis. The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei (sexual spores), some of which may be genetic recombinants. |
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Fungi advantages over bacteria
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-fungi grow better in pH of 5
-most modes are aerobic, most yeasts are facultative anaerobes -most fungi are resistant to osmotic pressure (will grow in sugar and salt environments) -Fungi can grow on low moisture content substances -Fungi require less nitrogen -Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates |
