Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Aeromonas
|
gram (-) Facultative Anaerobe
Diarrhea Fresh, brackish water |
|
|
|
Eikenella Corrodens
|
gram (-) Facultative Anaerobe
Bite wound Zoonotic |
|
|
|
Leigionella pneumophilia
|
gram (-) aerobe rod
Able to survive in alveolar macrophages Respiratory Systemic symptoms with pneumonia Legionnaires’ Disease |
|
|
|
Leigonella Micdadei
|
Pontiac Fever
|
|
|
|
Brucella
|
gram (-) aerobe, rod
survive within macrophages & monocytes Zoonotic Cows,other animals |
Brucellosis
|
|
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
gram (-) rod, curved/straight/helical
Ulcers, Gastritis |
|
|
|
Moraxella catarrhalis
|
gram (-) coccobacilli
Commensals of upper respiratory tract Diseases: Sinusitis, Otitis media, respiratory tract infections – PNEUMONIA Typically β-lactamase positive Respiratory |
|
|
|
Haemophilus influenzae
|
gram (-) coccobacilli
First bacteria completely sequenced Vaccine Can survive w/n Macrophages Respiratory Doesn't cause flu |
|
|
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
gram (-) coccobacilli
Chanchroid STD |
|
|
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
gram (-) coccobacilli
Bite wound Localized cellulitis & lymphadenitis Zoonotic Cat bites, especially |
|
|
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
gram (-) coccobacilli
Whooping cough Most contagious in catarrhal stage – non-specific symptoms lasts 1-2 weeks Paroxysmal stage – explosive coughing fits Convalescent stage – 1-2 months – gradual decline in cough, least infectious stage Rarely spreads, but can go to CNS Common secondary infections include pneumonia and otitis media |
|
|
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
gram (-) cocci
Only fimbriated (piliated) cells are virulent STD Also causes arthritis |
Gonorrhea
|
|
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
gram (-) diplococci
petechial rash LOS (Septic Shock) Meningitis, Meningococcemia Well at noon, dead at 4 |
|
|
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
Eaton's Agent
smallest of all bacteria Respiratory Lacks a cell wall, "walking pneumonia" |
|
|
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
Tuberculosis
Respiratory Consumption Resurgence due to AIDS |
|
|
|
Mycobacteria
|
Non-motile
Cell wall has high quantities of lipids CAN SURVIVE IN STRONGLY ACID & ALKALINE CONDITIONS Cell wall retains dye – acid-fast bacilli (“AFB” or Red Snappers) ** LONG DOUBLING TIME! ** |
|
|
|
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
|
MAI or MAC
Frequent in AIDS patients |
|
|
|
Mycobacterium leprae
|
Hansen’s disease/Leprosy
|
|
|
|
SPIROCHETES
|
Flexible, spiral-shaped, gram-negative rods
Move by twisting & turning Too thin to be seen under light microscope – NEED DARKFIELD MICROSCOPE Include Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira |
|
|
|
Treponema pallidum
|
Syphilis
Spirochete 1st Stage - hard-chancre 2nd Stage - Rash starts on trunk, goes to extremities and PALMS AND SOLES 3rd Stage - non-contageous |
|
|
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
Lyme disease
"Bullseye" Zoonotic Spirochete |
|
|
|
Chlamydia trachomatis
|
Obligate intracellular gram (-) bacteria
Most common STD in US Asymptomatic |
|
|
|
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
|
Respiratory
common pathogen in mild bronchitis & sinusitis Pneumonia generally involves single lobe of lungs |
|
|
|
Rickettsia
|
• Small gram-negative rods, obligate intracellular parasites
• Habitat – global distribution, most are zoonoses • Transmission – Arthropod to human, arthropod to arthropod (via egg) • Pathogenesis – Cellular/tissue destruction causes dermatological manifestations (RASH) o Organs can become involved, if perfusion occurs it leads to death |
|
|
|
Rickettsia rickettsii
|
Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever
Zoonotic Skin manifestations (rash) |
|
|
|
Rickettsia typhi
|
Typus
Zoonotic Skin manifestations (rash) |
|
|
|
Bacteroides fragilis
|
Obligate Anaerobes
• High concentration in intestines • Capsule – anti-phagocytic, abscess formation • Endotoxin – low toxicity, structure different than other LPS |
|
|
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
Obligate Anaerobe
• Branching, anaerobic bacillus – LOOKS LIKE FUNGI!! • Part of normal flora of mouth, respiratory/digestive tract, vagina o Acquired from normal flora from damage to mucosal barrier • Diseases: o Cervicofacial infection – chronic abscess with sinus tract infection, purulent discharge o Thoracic, abdominal or pelvic actinomycosis PID!! • Treatment - Penicillin G, draining of abscesses |
|
|
|
Clostridium tetani
|
gram (+) bacillus Anaerobe
Tetanus ("lockjaw") Toxin spore-former |
|
|
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
gram (+) Anaerobe
Produces lecithinase & enterotoxins Gas gangrene Anaerobe Toxin, spore-former |
|
|
|
Clostridium botulinum
|
Botulism
Gram (+) Anaerobe Toxin spore-former food contamination |
|
|
|
Clostridium difficile
|
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea CDAD
Anaerobe Toxin (Megacolon) spore-former |
|
|
|
Malassezia furfur
|
Superficial Pityriasis (tinea versicolor)
Skin infections (hypo- and hyperpigmented areas) very common in tropical environments |
|
|
|
Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
|
Cutaneous Dermatophytosis Skin and Nail infections (Ring-like lesions, patches of erythema, scaling)
|
|
|
|
Tinea capitis
Tinea barbae Tinea corporis Tinea pedis Tinea cruris Tinea manus Tinea unguium |
Tinea capitis - (scalp)
Tinea barbae - (beard) Tinea corporis - (body) Tinea pedis - (athlete's foot) Tinea cruris - (jock itch) Tinea manus - (hand) Tinea unguium - (nails) |
|
|
|
Sporothrix schenckii
|
Subcutaneous
Sporotrichosis Lymphocutaneous disease widespread in warmer climates often seen in gardeners and florists |
|
|
|
Fonsecaea, Cladisporum, and Phialophora species Chromoblastomycosis (also called Chromomycosis)
|
Subcutaneous
warty nodules at site of inoculation, develops into cauliflower-like appearance Chronic skin infection seen primarily in tropical climates |
|
|
|
Mycetoma
|
Subcutaneous
(Maduromycosis, or Madura foot) Localized chronic infection of the skin seen primarily in tropical climates, can be caused by many 7 different genera of fungi |
|
|
|
Blastomyces
|
Pathogenic (systemic)
An endemic mycosis Pulmonary (systemic) and cutaneous In Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River valleys Blastomycosis |
|
|
|
Coccidioides
|
Pathogenic (systemic)
An endemic mycosis Pulmonary and disseminated Found in desert areas, southwestern US |
Coccidioidomycosis
|
|
|
Histoplasma
|
Pathogenic (systemic)
An endemic mycosis Pulmonary Found in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys |
Histoplasmosis
|
|
|
Parcoccidioides
|
Pathogenic (systemic)
An endemic mycosis Pulmonary and disseminated Mainly found in Central and South America |
Paracoccidioidomycosis
|
|
|
Lobomycosis
|
Chronic, subcutaneous, progressive infection – traumatic inoculation of fungus
Natural infection in dolphins Hard, painless nodules on extremities, face, ear Ulcerative lesions Loboa loboi |
|
|
|
Rhinosporidiosis
|
– Chronic infection of skin divers
– masses at nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, genitalia, rectum Seropurulent discharge from nasal lesions Rhinosporidium seeberi Natural reservoir – fish, aquatic insects Treatment – surgery |
|
|
|
Candida albicans
|
Opportunistic (systemic)
produces pseudohyphae Candidiasis Local (skin) or deep-seated a yeast most common Candida species (most susceptible also) |
|
|
|
Aspergillus
|
Opportunistic (systemic)
Disseminated (also bronchopulmonary allergic type) may also cause a "fungus ball" in the lungs often seen when soil is stirred up during construction projects |
Aspergillosis
|
|
|
Cryptococcus
|
Opportunistic (systemic)
Meningoencephalitis other an encapsulated yeast, often seen in AIDS patients pigeon poop, India Ink Stain |
Cryptococcosis
|
|
|
Rhizopus or Mucor
|
Opportunistic (systemic)
Zycomycosis also called Mucormycosis Mucocutaneous and rhinocerebral usually seen in immunocompromised patients |
|
|
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
Diarrhea (but can also cause invasive disease in the liver, brain, and lungs)
Protozoa Infectious cyst and invasive trophozoite often causes ulcers in the large bowel and bloody diarrhea |
Amebiasis
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia
|
Diarrhea (often greasy stools, foul-smelling)
Protozoa often causes watery diarrhea with a lot of bloating, most common cause of waterborne diarrhea in the US |
Giardiasis
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
Diarrhea (crampy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting)
may cause biliary tract disease Protozoa outbreaks associated with waterparks, swimming pools, reservoirs |
Cryptosporidiosis
|
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
"Trich" (slang)
STD (green, frothy vaginal discharge, penile discharge) Protozoa Often detected on Pap smear |
|
|
|
Plasmodium
|
(falciparum most resistant) Malaria
Systemic disease with many symptoms (fatigue, anemia, headache, myalgias) - can cause cerebral malaria, respiraory disease, acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis Protozoa Transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, pregnant women and small children are at greatest risk |
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
Mono-like syndrome (adenopathy, headache, fever, malaise, sore throat) - may cause blurred vision, altered mental status, seizures
Protozoa oocysts excreted in cat feces, tissue cysts in undercooked meat |
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
|
Acaris lumbricoides
|
Roundworm infestation Worm infestation (pulmonary symptoms, epigastric pain, malnutrition)
Heminth (specifically a nematode) major cause of growth and cognitive delay and malnutrition, most common parasitic infection in humans |
|
|
|
Sarcoptes scabei
|
Skin lesions (especially between the fingers and toes, genitalia, umbilicus, areolae, axillary folds)-causes intense itching
Ectoparasitic arthropod Found worldwide, associated with poor hygiene and crowded living conditions |
Scabies
|
|
|
Pediculus humanus humanus (also called humanus corporis, body louse), humanus capitus (head louse), and Pthirus pubis (crab or pubic louse)
|
Pediculosis (pubic lice also called "crabs")
Skin lesions (hemoarrhagic macules and papules) -intense itching and excoriation Ectoparasitic arthropod spread by sharing of clothing, contaminated combs, sexual contact |
|
