Microbiology Exam 1 Chapter 4

Front 1

biosynthetic secretory pathway

Back 1

the process used by EUCARYOTIC cells to synthesize proteins and lipids, followed by secretion or delivery to organelles or the plasma membrane; involves the ER endoplasmic reticulum, GOLGI apparatus, and secretory vessles

Front 2

cilia

Back 2

threadlike appendages extending from the surface of some protists that beat rhythmically to propel them; cilia are membrane-bound cylinders with a complex internal array of microtubules usually in a 9+2 PATTERN

Front 3

cristae

Back 3

infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 4

cytoskeleton

Back 4

a network of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments and other components in the cytoplams of eucaryotic cells that helps given them shape, functions during cell division, and helps move materials in the cytoplasm

Front 5

endocytosis

Back 5

process in which a cell takes up solutes or particles b enclosing them in vesicles pinched off from it;s plasma membrane

Front 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 6

system of tubules and flattened sacs (cisternae) in the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells, rough ER bears ribosomes on its surface; smooth endoplasmic reticulim lacks ribosomes.

Front 7

flagellum

Back 7

a thin threadlike appendage on many prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells tht is repsonsible for their motility

Front 8

golgi apparatus

Back 8

a membranous eukaryotic organelle composed of flattened sacs (cisternae), which is involved in packaging and modifying materials for secretion and many other processes

Front 9

lysosome

Back 9

that contains hydrolytic enxymes and is reponsible for the intracellular digestion of substances

Front 10

microfilaments

Back 10

protein filaments, about 4 to 7 nm in diameter, that are present in the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells and play a role in cell structure and motion

Front 11

microtubules

Back 11

small cylinders, about 25nm in diameter, made of tubulin proteins and are present in the cytoplasm and flagella of EUCARYOTIC cells; they are involved in cells structure and movement

Front 12

mitochondrion

Back 12

the EUCARYOTIC organelle that is the site of cellular respiration; it provides most of a nonphotosynthetic cell's energy under aerobic conditions

Front 13

nuclear envelope

Back 13

the complex double-membrane structure forming the outer boundary of the nucleus

Front 14

nucleolus

Back 14

an organelle located within the nucleus and not bounded by a membrane; is the location of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the assembly of ribosomal units

Front 15

nucleus

Back 15

the EUCARYOTIC organelle enclosed by a double membrane envelope that contains the cells chromosomes

Front 16

phagocyotosis

Back 16

endocytotic process in which a cell encloses large particles in a membrane-delimited phagocytic vacuole (phagosome) and engulfs them

Front 17

proteasome

Back 17

a cylindrical complex found in the cytoplasm of EUCARYOTIC cells that is responsible for the degradation of proteins

Front 18

septa

Back 18

a cross wall that divides microbial cells

Front 19

thylakoid

Back 19

a flattened sac in the chloroplast stroma that contains photosynthetic pigments and the proteins and other molecules that convert light energy into ATP