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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when did cloning genes begin
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in the 1960's and 1970's when Recombinant DNA technology was developed
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what are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules, which are replicated in a host cell
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DNA fragments
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the method of cloning genes is used to produce DNA fragments using enzymes that cut DNA at
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specific base sequences
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what are the self-replicating forms of DNA
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vectors
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the method of cloning genes is used to link these DNA fragments to vectors to create
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recombinant DNA molecules
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the method of cloning genes is used to replicate the recombinant DNA molecule in a host organism to create
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hundreds of thousands of exact clones of the DNA segment inserted into the vector
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the method of cloning is used to retrieve the cloned DNA insert in quantities large enough to allow
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further studies or modifications
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the method of cloning is used to produce and purify gene products encoded by the
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cloned DNA inserts
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how is DNA cut?
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restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites
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what does DNA read
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5' to 3'
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what does DNA look for
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palindromes
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what is a word, phrase, or letter sequence that can be read the same frontward as backward
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palindrome
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each bacterium has its own
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palindrome or restriction enzyme and cutting site
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once the restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence, it
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binds and cuts the DNA into fragments with "sticky" ends
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a DNA fragment from a vector is also cut and its bases will pair to the ________ of the original DNA by _______ _______
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"sticky" ends
hydrogen bonding |
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what will then covalently link the two strands together
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DNA ligase
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what is the newly formed genetic material called
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recombinant DNA molecule
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what carries DNA sequences into cells for replicating or cloning
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vectors
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what are many vectors derived from
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plasmids
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what are self-replicating, circular DNA molecules
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plasmid
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plasmid pBR322 contains
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restriction sites that can be used to carry DNA inserts
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what is the vector YAC used to clone
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large DNA segments
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YAC contains two
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telomeres and a centromere regions
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what are regions at each end of a Eukaryotic chromosome
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telomeres
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the restriction enzyme cutting site in YAC can be used to
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carry DNA inserts of more than one million nucleotides
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1. The DNA to be cloned is isolated and treated with restriction enzymes to produce
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segments that end in specific sequences
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2. These segments are linked to DNA molecules that serve as vectors, or carriers, and produce a
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recombinant DNA molecule
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3. Plasmids that carry DNA to be cloned are transferred into
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bacterial cells
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3. what happens in the bacteria cells when plasmids are transferred into them
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recombinant plasmids replicate and produce many copies or clones of the inserted DNA
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4. after growth, the bacterial cells can be broken open and the recombinant plasmids are
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extracted
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