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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome
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the tightly coiled bodies in cells that are the primary sites of genes
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plasmid
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a double stranded DNA that is smaller than & replicates independently of the cell chromosome. Not essential to bacterial growth
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Metabolism
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a general term for the totality of chemical and physical processes occuring in a cell.
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Binary Fission
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the formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell divison.
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Monotrichous
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microorganism that bears a single flagellum
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Lophotrichous
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describing bacteria having a tuft of flagella at one or both poles
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Amphitrichous
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having a single flagellum or tuft of flagella at opposite poles of microbial cell
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Peritrichous
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having flagella distributed over the entire cell
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Endospore
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a small dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinated under favorable conditions into a vegitative cell
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Thylakoids
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Vesicles of a chloroplast formed by elaborate folding of the inner membrane to form "discs". Solar energy trapped in thylakoids used in photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria
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Extremophile
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Organisms capable of living in harsh environments, such as extreme heat or cold
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Bacterial species
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Prokaryotes w/ peptidoglycan in their cell walls and single, circular chromosomes
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Bacterial strain
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Bacterial culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species.
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Glycocalyces
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thick clinging masses called capsules or thin sticky surfaces called slime layers
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DNA: Function
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Bacterial chromosome; not encloseed by nuclear membrane but instead aggregated in a central area of the cell call the nucleoid. Arranged along its length are genetic units that carry info required for maintenance and growth
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Cell membrane: Function
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composed of phospholipids and proteins; performs metabolic functions as well as transport activities
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Cell wall: function
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helps determine shape of bacterium; provides structural support via peptidoglycan
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Flagella: function
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provide the power of motility or self propulsion; allows cell to swim freely through aqueous habitat
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Fimbria: Function
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responsible for mutual clinging of cells that leads to biofilms and other thick aggregates of cells on the surface of liquids and for the microbial colonization of inanimate solids such as rocks and glass. Stick to each other and surfaces
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Pilus
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utilized primarily in a "mating' process between cells call conjugation, which involves a transfer of DNA from one cell to another
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Slime Layer: function
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protects bacteria from dehydration and loss of nutrients
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Ribosomes
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site where protein synthesis occurs
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Capsule
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protects bacteria from loss of nutrients and dehydration; not readily removed
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Granules
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inclusion body containing crystals of inorganic compounds, and not enclosed by membranes
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Hereditiy
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transmission of genetic material to the next generation in the form of chromosomes carryin DNA
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Reproduction
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generation of offspring that keeps an organisms line going
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Growth
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1. increase in the size of population due to reproduction.
2. increase in overall size of a single organism by an increase in bulk |
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Development
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process of cell change that leads to the full expression of an organisms genetic traits
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metabolism (characteristic of life)
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regulated by enzymes
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Responsiveness
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cell can react to external conditions through irritability, communication, and movement
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Transport
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cells must transport chemical nutrients from the external environment across their outer boundaries to the cell interior, w/out these materials, metabolism would cease.
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Physical Cell Characteristics
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Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, one or a few chromosomes
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