Microbiology, Chapter One

Front 1

Bacteriology

Back 1

The study of Bacteria, Leeuwenhoek's first examination of tooth scrapings

Front 2

Mycology - Bassi proved that another silkworm disease was caused by a fungus.

Back 2

The study of fungi; eukaryotes;multicellular molds and mushrooms; fall under the Eukarya Domain

Front 3

Parisitology

Back 3

Is the study of protozoa and parasitic worms. (slime molds, protozoa, and algae. Fall under the Eukarya Domain

Front 4

Immunology

Back 4

The protection from vaccine; Edward Jenner; cowpox blisters; boy never got cowpox or smallpox.

Front 5

Virology

Back 5

Iwanowski reported that organism that caused mosaic disesae was so small it passed through a filter. study of viruses

Front 6

Pasteurization

Back 6

Pasteur heated beer and wine to prevent spoilage and kill most of the bacteria.

Front 7

Bioremediation

Back 7

Scientists began using microbes to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes. break dwon toxins into less harmful substances.

Front 8

Bilogical Insecticides

Back 8

Microbes used to kill certain insects. An alternative to chemical pesticides

Front 9

Genectic Engineering

Back 9

Through genetic engineering bacteria and fungi can produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes.

Front 10

NOrmal Microbiota

Back 10

Prevent growth of pathogens; skin, stomach acid. Also known as FLORA. Produce vitamin K and B.

Front 11

Microbes in our lives:

Back 11

Decompose organic waste; photosynthesis; produce industrial chems, like alcohol and acetone; ferment foods like vinegar, cheese and bread, yogurt

Front 12

Microbes in our Lives 2:

Back 12

Produce Insulin, Pennacillion;

Front 13

Nomenclature/Linnaeus

Back 13

each organisam has 2 names; the genus and specific epithet

Front 14

Naming Microorganisms

Back 14

Italicized and underlines the Genus is CAP; specific epithet is lower case; may be descriptive or named in honor of scientist

Front 15

Staphylococcus Aures

Back 15

Describes the clustered arrangement of the cells (Staphylo) and teh golden color of the colonies.

Front 16

Escherichia Coli

Back 16

In honor of Theodor Eshcerich and describes the bacterium's habitat, the large intestine or colon.

Front 17

Basic characteristics of bacteria: many can swim; no nuclear membrane

Back 17

Prokaryotes; Cell Walls made by Peptidoglycan; reproduce by Binary fission; for energy use inorganic and organic chemicals or photosynthesis

Front 18

Basic characteristics of Archaea:

Back 18

consist of Prokaryotic cells; Lack Peptidoglycan; live in exteme environments; Methogens;Exteme Halophiles; love salt; thermophiles; hot springs

Front 19

Basic characteristics of Fungi: most typical are molds

Back 19

Eukaryotes; have a distinct nucleus containing the cells DNA; cell walls composed of Chitin; Hyphae; use organic chemicals for energy

Front 20

Basic characteristics of Protozoa:

Back 20

unicellular, eukaryotic microbes; have flagella and cilia; ingest organic compounds

Front 21

Basic characteristics of Algae:

Back 21

wide variety of shapes; eukaryotes; use photosynthesis for energy; Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds.

Front 22

Characteristics of Virus: inert when living outside a host cell

Back 22

Acellular; consist of DNA OR RNA; core is surrounded by protein coat; replicate in a living host cell; coat may have lipid envelope.

Front 23

The three Domains:

Back 23

Bacteria; Archea; Eukarya: Protists, fungi, plants, animals

Front 24

Robert Hooke

Back 24

reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells by looking at cork. He laid the groundwork for the concept of the cell theory. all things made of cells; introduced the term cell

Front 25

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

Back 25

described live microorgansims that he saw from tooth scrapings "little animalcules"

Front 26

Francisco Redi

Back 26

demonstrated that maggots appeared only when flies were allowed to leave their eggs on the meat. other meat was covered with a fine net.

Front 27

John Needham:

Back 27

Nutrient broth heated then placed in sealed flask: microbial growth; Microbes came from the air; SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Front 28

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Back 28

Boiled nutrient solutions in flasks; placed them in sealed flask; no microbial growth; BIOGENESIS

Front 29

Louis Pasteur:

Back 29

found that yeast ferment sugars to alcohol and bacteria con oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid; heating process called pasteurization use to kill bacteria

Front 30

Joseph Lister

Back 30

used chemcial disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections

Front 31

Robert Koch

Back 31

Koch's postulates; experimental steps to relate a specific microbe to a specific disease; ANTHRAX

Front 32

Edward Jenner

Back 32

Vaccine: Inooculated boy with cowpox scraping. Fisrt immunity.

Front 33

Alexander Fleming

Back 33

Discoverd Pencillin. A mold that inhibits the growth of baceteria. The first antibiotic!!!

Front 34

Germ Theory of Disease

Back 34

Microoganisms casue disease; early clue yeasts play a crutial role in fermentaion.

Front 35

Spontaeous generation vs. Biogenesis

Back 35

Living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells; SG: life coul arise spontaneously from non-living matter

Front 36

Emerging Infectious diseases

Back 36

West Nile Virus: appeared in NYC in 1999; UGANDA; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; caused by PRION; CJD

Front 37

Escherichia Coli (E. coli)

Back 37

Leading cause of diarrhea worldwide.

Front 38

Ebola Virus

Back 38

Causes fever, hemorrhagin and blood clotting. Congo

Front 39

AIDS; HIV;

Back 39

1981; 63% African American; 44% are Female; Sexually transmitted disease