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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What organism is primarily responsible for dental caries?
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Streptococcus mutans
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What organism is primarily responsible for periodontal disease?
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Porphyromonas spp.
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What organism is responsible for Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
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Prevotella intermedia
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What term describes when a pathogen enters the GI tract and multiples?
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Infection
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What term describes when the ingestion of a preformed toxin causes disease?
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Intoxication
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What term describes sever diarrhea accompanied by blood or mucous?
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Dysentery
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What type of food poising often occurs on sugary creamy foods?
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Staphylococcus Food poising or Staphylococcal enterotoxicosis (enterotoxin by S. aureus causes intoxication)
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What is Shingellosis called?
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Bacillary dysentery
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What is the most common Shigella in the US that causes mild diarrhea?
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Shingella sonnei
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What is the the therapy for Shigella dysenteriae?
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Oral rehydration, antibiotic
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What disease does S. typhimurium and S. enteritica cause?
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Salmonellosis or Salmonella gastroeneteritis
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What is the treatment for Salmonellosis?
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oral rehydration
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What microbe causes Typhoid fever?
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Salmonella typhi
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How is Salmonella typhi transmitted?
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Fecal-oral, only person to person
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What is the treatment for Typhoid fever?
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Antibiotics, oral rehydration
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What is the microbe that causes Cholera?
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Vibrio cholerae (gram neg that makes exotoxin "cholera toxin")
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What are the signs of cholera?
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Rice water diarrhea, violent vomiting, NO FEVER usually
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What is the treatment for cholera?
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Replacement of fluids and electrolytes
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What microbes can cause Traveler's diarrhea?
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Shigella, Campylobacter, protozoans, and viruses (rota and noro)
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What extra characteristics do pathogenic E coli normally have?
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Produce toxins and have specialized fimbriae
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What does EHEC stand for?
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Enterohemorrhagic E Coli
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What does STEC stand for?
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Shiga-toxin E Coli
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What is the Serotype of E Coli found in the US that produces the Shiga toxin?
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0157:H7
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What is a causative agent of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
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0157:H7 E coli. Blood is found in urine, kidney failure occurs due to toxin
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What is the organism found in most retail chicken that can cause gastroenteritis?
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Campylobacter spp
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What microbe is associated with peptic ulcers?
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Helicobacter pylori
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What group is found to be susceptible to cholera and H. pylori?
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Blood group O
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What is the treatment for H pylori?
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Antibiotics with bismuth subsalicylate
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What is the treatment for C. difficile?
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Metronidazole
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What are the S&S for Clostridium difficile?
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From mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis with ulceration
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What are the descriptive characteristics of Clostridium difficile?
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Gram pos bacillus, endospore forming, anaerobe, exotoxin forming
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What are the S&S for Hep A?
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Vary; malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, chills, jaundice, or asymptomatic
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What family is Hep A in?
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Picornaviridae
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How is Hep A transmitted?
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Fecal oral
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Does Hep A have a chronic, acute, or both stages?
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Only acute
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Is there prophylaxis for Hep A and if so what?
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Yes, vaccine and IgM antibodies
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What family is Hep B in?
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Hepadnaviridae (uses reverse transcriptase)
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How is Hep B transmitted?
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Parentally/sexual contact
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Does Hep B have a chronic phase?
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Yes, increase liver cancer occurrence by 200%
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Does Hep B have prophylaxis?
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Yes, genetically made vaccine (in yeast) and Hep B IgM antibodies
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What is the family for Hep C?
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Flaviviridae
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What is the method of transmission for Hep C?
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Parentally/Body fluids
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Does Hep C have prophylaxis?
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No, but can be treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribivirn
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Does Hep C have a chronic phase?
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Yes
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What is the family for Hep D?
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Deltaviridae
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What is the method of transmission for Hep D?
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Parentally, requires coinfection with Hep B
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Does Hep D have a chronic phase?
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It may. Usually very severe disesase with high mortality rate
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Does Hep D have prophylaxis?
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Yes, Hep B vaccine or IgM of HBV
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What is the family of Hep E?
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Caliciviridae
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What is the method of transmission for Hep E?
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Ingestion
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Does Hep E have a chronic phase?
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No
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Does Hep E have prophylaxis?
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Yes, IgM antibodies and HAV vaccine
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What are the usual causative microbes of Viral gastroenteritis?
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Noroviruses and rotaviruses
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What is the treatment for viral gastroenteritis?
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Oral rehydration
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What are the two protozoan disease of the GI mentioned in ch 25?
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Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis
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What is the causative microbe in Giardiasis?
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Giardia lambila
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What is the causative microbe in Cryptosporidiosis?
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Cryptosporidium spp.
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What are the S&S for Giardiasis?
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Prolonged diarrhea, malaise, weight loss, nausea, flatulense, H2s odor on breath
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What is the method of transmission for Giardiasis?
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contaminated water
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What is the treatment for Giardia or Cryptosporidium?
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Nitrazoxanide (Alina)
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What is the method of transmission for Cryptosporidiosis?
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contaminated water
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What is name for a beef tapeworm?
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Taenia saginata
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What is the name for a pork tapeworm?
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Taenia solium
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Is Taenia solium transmitted as a larvae or a egg?
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Pork tapeworm is transmitted as an egg. Once ingested it develops into larvae in human tissues such as eye or CNS
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Are Taenia saginata and fish tapeworms transmitted as larvae or eggs?
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Beef tapeworms and fish tapeworms are transmitted as larvae in undercooked meats. The become an egg producing adult in the intestine
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What is the treatment for tapeworms?
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Tapeworms are treated with antihelminthics (praziquantel, albendazole) and may require surgery for neurocysticercosis
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What is Ascariasis?
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Helminthic disease of Ascaris - a foot long worm that occurs after ingesting eggs from fecal matter. Treatment: Mebendazole
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How is hookworm transmitted?
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Can be from walking around outside barefoot. Treatment:mebendazole
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Describe a pinworm
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Its an enterobius - a small worm that lays eggs around the anus at night. Can be treated with Pyrantel pamoate
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What is the causative microbe of Trichinellosis/Trichinosis?
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Trichinella spiralis
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What is the treatment for Trichinellosis?
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Antihelminthics(mebendazole) & corticosteroids
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How is Trichinella spiralis transmitted?
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Rare pork. Can cause larvae in muscle tissue and may be fatal in large infections
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What tissue does mumps effect?
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Parotid glands. Can cause inflammation of testes.
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Is there any prophylaxis for mumps?
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Yes, MMR vaccine
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What is the family for mumps?
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Paramyxoviridae
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What is the causative agent for cyclospora diarrhea?
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Cyclospora cayetanensis
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How is cyclospora cayetanensis transmitted?
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Contaminated water, berries, uncooked food
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What is the treatment for cyclospora diarrhea?
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Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
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What is the causative agent of Ergot poisoning?
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Claviceps Purpurea (causes hallucinations)
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What is the treatment for Ergot poisoning?
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None
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What is the method of transmission of Ergot Poisoning?
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Mycotoxin produced by fungus on grains
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What is the causative agent of Aflatoxin poisoning?
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aspergillus flavus (can cause liver cirrhosis)
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What is the treatment for Aflatoxin poisoning?
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none
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What is the method of transmission of Aflatoxin poisoning?
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Mycotoxin produced by fungus on food
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