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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What disease does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?
Lyme disease
What is a physcial characteristic of Borrelia burgdorferi (i.e. cocci, rod, etc)?
Spirochete (spiral shaped)
What type of molecules are on the outer membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi?
Lipoproteins (OspA, OspB, OspC, OspD)
Under what type of tests can you view Borrelia burgdorferi?
Darkfield microscopy
Western Blot
Serological tests
Lyme disease is transferred by _________
the Ixodes tick
The reservoir for the Ixodes tick are _________
White tailed dear (adult form of tick)
White footed mouse (young form)
What is erythema migrans?
A ring shaped rash that moves outward (first sign of Lyme disease)
Name the signs/symptoms of Lyme disease?
Erythema migrans,
Flu-like syndrome w/ chills
Sometime develop neurological effects (bilateral facial nerve paralysis, meningitis-like symptoms)
Polyarthritis (large joints i.e. knees, elbows)
How does Borrelia burgdorferi survive inside the host?
Escapes phagocytosis and lives inside host cells, avoiding immune system
The treatment for lyme disease is _________
Antibiotics (doxycycline)
Prevention is most important (detection/elimination of ticks, distancing from animals, etc)
Is there a vaccine for Lyme disease?
Not currently (removed b/c caused autoimmune arthritis)
What type of organism is Erlichia?
Obligate intracellular parasite
How is Erlichia spread?
By the Lone Star Tick (also by Ixodes which also spreads........LYME DISEASE)
Who/When does Erlichia infect?
Immunocompromised people who spend time outdoors
More common in spring/summer
What happens to patients WBC count who are infected with Erlichia?
Decreases
What are the virulence factors of Erlichia?
Infects WBCs
Causes febrile flu-like illness for a long time
What is the disease caused by Erlichia?
Erlichiosis
Treatment for Erlichia infection is _____
Antibiotics (doxycycline)
Malaria is caused by__________
Plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum
T/F Malaria is the most common arthropod infection
True
How is Plasmodium vivax/falciparum transmitted?
By the Anopheles mosquito (ONLY THE FEMALE)
What is the difference in infection between P. vivax and P. falciparum?
P. vivax - most common but not as severe, only infects reticulocytes (young RBCs)
P. falciparum - most sever form, infects all RBCs
What are the first cells invaded by plasmodium?
Liver cells
Explain the life cycle of plasmodium through an infection.
Mosquito bite --> infect liver cells --> replicate/packaging of nucleus --> released into blood to infect RBCs --> same cycle in RBCs --> when released from RBCs leads to symptoms (fever, shaking chills)
What is the fever due to in malaria?
IL-1 and TNF
What is the dormant liver form of P. vivax? Why is it dangerous?
Hypnozoite
Can come back and cause malaria after the blood form has been eliminated
What are the signs/symptoms of malaria?
Fever
Shaking chills
Anemia
Fatigue
What is the vaccine for malaria?
Doesn't exist yet
How do people acquire immunity to malaria?
Sickle cell trait
Blood antigens called Duffy
What antibiotic is given? How does it work?
Chloroquine, It kills the RBC form (P. falciparum)
Primaquine kills the liver form (P. vivax)
What disease does Leishmania cause?
Leishmaniasis
Describe what type of organism Leishmania is.
Protozoal parasite
How is Leishmania transmitted?
Sandfly (common in Middle Eastern countries)
What causes visceral leishmaniasis?
L. donovani
How many types of forms does the Leishmania have?
2
Promastigote (injected by sandfly)
Amastigote (differentiated after being engulfed by macrophages)
How does Leishmania survive in the host?
Prevents stimulation of hydrogen peroxide in macrophages after being phagocytosed
Has superoxide dismutase (prevents activation of superoxides)
What are the signs/symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis?
Spleen and liver enlargement
Anemia
Diarrhea
Fever
Chills
Sweating (can be confused with malaria initially, death in few weeks if untreated)
What causes cutaneous leishmaniasis?
L. major
What are the symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Weeping sores all over extremities
How do you diagnose leishmaniasis?
PCR
What is the treatment for leishmaniasis?
Antimony compounds
Amphotericin B for severe cases
Prevention is key (prevent bug bites)