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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What disease does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?
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Lyme disease
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What is a physcial characteristic of Borrelia burgdorferi (i.e. cocci, rod, etc)?
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Spirochete (spiral shaped)
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What type of molecules are on the outer membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Lipoproteins (OspA, OspB, OspC, OspD)
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Under what type of tests can you view Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Darkfield microscopy
Western Blot Serological tests |
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Lyme disease is transferred by _________
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the Ixodes tick
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The reservoir for the Ixodes tick are _________
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White tailed dear (adult form of tick)
White footed mouse (young form) |
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What is erythema migrans?
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A ring shaped rash that moves outward (first sign of Lyme disease)
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Name the signs/symptoms of Lyme disease?
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Erythema migrans,
Flu-like syndrome w/ chills Sometime develop neurological effects (bilateral facial nerve paralysis, meningitis-like symptoms) Polyarthritis (large joints i.e. knees, elbows) |
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How does Borrelia burgdorferi survive inside the host?
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Escapes phagocytosis and lives inside host cells, avoiding immune system
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The treatment for lyme disease is _________
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Antibiotics (doxycycline)
Prevention is most important (detection/elimination of ticks, distancing from animals, etc) |
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Is there a vaccine for Lyme disease?
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Not currently (removed b/c caused autoimmune arthritis)
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What type of organism is Erlichia?
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Obligate intracellular parasite
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How is Erlichia spread?
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By the Lone Star Tick (also by Ixodes which also spreads........LYME DISEASE)
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Who/When does Erlichia infect?
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Immunocompromised people who spend time outdoors
More common in spring/summer |
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What happens to patients WBC count who are infected with Erlichia?
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Decreases
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What are the virulence factors of Erlichia?
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Infects WBCs
Causes febrile flu-like illness for a long time |
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What is the disease caused by Erlichia?
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Erlichiosis
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Treatment for Erlichia infection is _____
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Antibiotics (doxycycline)
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Malaria is caused by__________
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Plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum
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T/F Malaria is the most common arthropod infection
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True
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How is Plasmodium vivax/falciparum transmitted?
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By the Anopheles mosquito (ONLY THE FEMALE)
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What is the difference in infection between P. vivax and P. falciparum?
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P. vivax - most common but not as severe, only infects reticulocytes (young RBCs)
P. falciparum - most sever form, infects all RBCs |
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What are the first cells invaded by plasmodium?
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Liver cells
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Explain the life cycle of plasmodium through an infection.
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Mosquito bite --> infect liver cells --> replicate/packaging of nucleus --> released into blood to infect RBCs --> same cycle in RBCs --> when released from RBCs leads to symptoms (fever, shaking chills)
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What is the fever due to in malaria?
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IL-1 and TNF
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What is the dormant liver form of P. vivax? Why is it dangerous?
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Hypnozoite
Can come back and cause malaria after the blood form has been eliminated |
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What are the signs/symptoms of malaria?
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Fever
Shaking chills Anemia Fatigue |
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What is the vaccine for malaria?
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Doesn't exist yet
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How do people acquire immunity to malaria?
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Sickle cell trait
Blood antigens called Duffy |
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What antibiotic is given? How does it work?
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Chloroquine, It kills the RBC form (P. falciparum)
Primaquine kills the liver form (P. vivax) |
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What disease does Leishmania cause?
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Leishmaniasis
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Describe what type of organism Leishmania is.
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Protozoal parasite
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How is Leishmania transmitted?
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Sandfly (common in Middle Eastern countries)
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What causes visceral leishmaniasis?
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L. donovani
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How many types of forms does the Leishmania have?
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2
Promastigote (injected by sandfly) Amastigote (differentiated after being engulfed by macrophages) |
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How does Leishmania survive in the host?
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Prevents stimulation of hydrogen peroxide in macrophages after being phagocytosed
Has superoxide dismutase (prevents activation of superoxides) |
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What are the signs/symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis?
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Spleen and liver enlargement
Anemia Diarrhea Fever Chills Sweating (can be confused with malaria initially, death in few weeks if untreated) |
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What causes cutaneous leishmaniasis?
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L. major
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What are the symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
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Weeping sores all over extremities
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How do you diagnose leishmaniasis?
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PCR
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What is the treatment for leishmaniasis?
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Antimony compounds
Amphotericin B for severe cases Prevention is key (prevent bug bites) |