Microbiology Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Biology

Front 1

Acidic

Back 1

A solution with a pH value below 7 on the pH scale

Front 2

Amino Acids

Back 2

The building blocks of protein. Amino acids exist in 20 naturally occurring forms that impart different characteristics to the various proteins they compose

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Anion

Back 3

A negatively charged ion

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Atomic Number

Back 4

A measurement that reflects the number of protons in an atom of a particular element.

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Atom

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The smallest particle of an element to retain all the properties of that element

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ATP

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The form of energy that cells generally use.

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Basic

Back 7

A solution with a pH value above 7 on the pH scale

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Carbohydrate

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A compound containing primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

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Cation

Back 9

A positively charged ion

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Chemical bond

Back 10

a link formed between molecules when two or more atoms share, donate, or accept electrons

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Compounds

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Molecules that are a combination of two or more different elements.

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Covalent bond

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A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons bewtween two atoms

Front 13

Disaccharide

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A sugar containing two monosaccharides, examples sucrose (fructose & glucose)

Front 14

DNA

Back 14

The nucleic acid often referred to as the :double helix" DNA carries the master plan for an organism's heredity

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Electron

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A negatively charged subatomic particle that is distributed around the nucleus in an atom.

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Element

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A substance comprising only one kind of atom that cannot be degraded into two or more substances w/o losing its chemical characteristics

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Ionic bond

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A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred and not shared between atoms

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Isotope

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A version of an element that is virtually identical in all chemical properties to another version except that their atoms have slightly different atomic masses

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Lipid

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A term used to describe a variety of substance that r not soluble in polar solvents such as water, bt wl dissolve in nonpolar solvents such as benzene & chloroform

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Macromolecules

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Large, molecular compounds assembled from smaller subunits, most notably biochenical

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Mass number (MN)

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Measurement that reflects the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of a particular element.

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Matter

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All tangible materials that occupy space and have mass

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Molecule

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A distinct chemical substance that results from the combination of two or more atoms

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Monosaccharide

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A simple sugar such as glucose that is a basic building block for more complex carbohydrates

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Neuron

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nerve cell, including its processes (axons and dendrites)

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Nonpolar

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A term used to describe an electrically neutral molecule formed by covalent bonds between atoms that have the same or similar electronegativity

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Nucleotide

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The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA each nucleotide consists of a phosphate. a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

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Organic

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referring to chemical that contain covalently b
ound carbon & hydrogen atoms & are involved in metabolic reactions

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pH scale

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A system for rating acidity and alkalinity

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Polar

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Term to describe a molecule with an asymmetrical distribution of charges. Such a molecule has a negative pole and a positive pole

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Polysaccharide

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A carbohydate that can be hydolyzed into a number of monosaccharides. Ex cellulose, starch, glycogen

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Protein

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Predominant organic molecule in cells, formed by long chains of amino acids.

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Proton

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An elementary particle that carries a positive charge. It is identical to the nucleus of the hydrogen atom.

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RNA

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The nucleic acid responsible for carrying out the hereditary program transmitted by an organism's DNA

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Solution

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A mixture of one or more substances (solutes) that cannot be separated by filtration or ordinary settling.

Front 36

Describe elements of atoms

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a combination of subatomice particles called protons which are pos charged, neutron ,have no charge & electrons which are are neg charged ions