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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathology
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is the scientific study of disease.
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Infection
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is the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Disease
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occurs when an infection results in any change from a state of health.
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Normal Microbiota
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Micoorganisms that we need.
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Distribution and composition of Normal Microbiota.
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Nutrients, physical, and chemical factors, defenses of the host, and mechanical factors.
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Microbial Antagonism
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Normal Microbiota can benefit the host bypreventing the overgrowthof harmful microorganisms.
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Symbiosis
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The relationship between normal microbiota and the host.
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Commensalism
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Relationship between two organisms in which at least one organism is dependent on the other. one benefits and the other is unaffected.
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Mutualism
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Type of symbiosis that benefits both organisms.
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Paratisim
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Type of symbiosis, one organism benefits by deriving nutirents at the expense of the other.
(many disease-causing bacteria are parasites.) |
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Etiology
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The cause of the disease.
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Pathogenis
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The manner in which the disease develops.
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Koch's Postulates
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1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in a pure culture. 3.The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal. 4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism. |
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Exceptions to Koch's Postulates
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Some bacteria have unique culture requirements. So can't grow on a artifical media.
Use of alternative methods of culturing and detecting certain microbes. |
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Infectious Disease:Symptoms
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Subjective-Change in body function such as pain.
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Infectious Disease:Signs
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Objective: lesions, swelling, fever, and paralysis.
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Communicable Disease
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Spread from one host to another directly or indirectly
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Contagious Disease
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Easily spread from one person to another.
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NonCommunicable Disease
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Not spread from one host to another.
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Incidence
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Number of people contract the disease.
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Prevalence
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Number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specific time regardless of when it first appeared.
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Sporadic
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Disease that occurs only occasionally.
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Endemic
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Constantly present in a population
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Epedemic
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Alot of people are affected in a short period of time
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Pandemic
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Occurs world wide
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Acute
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Develops rapidly but lasts for a short time (FLU)
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Subacute
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inbetween rapid & slow
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Chronic
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Develops slowly and lasts a long time.
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Latent
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Causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease
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Local infection
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Small area
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Systemic
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Spread through out the whole body.
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Sepsis
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Toxic inflammatory condition arising from spread of microbes, ecspecially basteria or their toxins from a focus of infection.
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Septicemia
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Blood poisoning, is a systemis infection arising from the multiplication of pathogens in the blood.
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Bacteremia
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The presence of bacteria in the blood.
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Toxemia
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Presence of toxins in the blood.
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Viremia
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Refers to viruses in the blood.
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Primary Infection
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is an acute infection that causes the inital illness.
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Secondary Infection
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is one caused by an opportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body defense.
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Predisposing factor
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makes the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of the disease.
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Incubation period
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is the interval between the intial infection and the first apperance of any signs or symptoms.
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Prodromal Period
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is a relatvely short period that ollows the period of incubation in some diseases.
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Period of Illness
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The disease is most severe. The person exhinits overt signs and symptoms of disease, such as fever, chills, muscle pain
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Period of Decline
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The sign and symptoms subside
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Period of Covalescence
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the person regains strength and the body returns to its prediseaed state.
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Reservoir of infection
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Source that is living or inanimate object that pr\ovides a pathogen with adequate conditions for survival and multiplication and a opprotuinity for transmission.
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Human Reservoirs
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People harbor pathogens and transmit them directly or indirectly. Carriers
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Animal Reservoirs
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Zoonoses- Disease that occur primarly in the wild and domestic animals and cna be transmitted to humans
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Non Living Reservoirs
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Soil & Water.
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Contact Transmission
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is the spread of an agent of disease by direct contact, indirect contact or droplet transmission.
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Direct contact transmission
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Person to Person transmission, direct transmission of an agent by physical contact between its source ans a suceptiable host
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Indirect contact transmission
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occurs when the agent of disease is transmitted from its reservoir to a suceptible host by means of a non living object.
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Droplet Transmission
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is a third type of contact transmission in which microbes are spread in droplet nuclei that travel only short distances.
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Vechile Transmission
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is the transmission of disease agents by a medium such as water, food, or air. Other media include blood and bodily fluids, drugs, and intravenous fluids.
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Vectors
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Arthpods-animals that carry pathogens from one host to another.(Insects
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Mechanical Transmission
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is the passive transport of the pathogen on the insect's feet or other body part's.
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Biological transmission
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is an active process more complex. Bites infected person or animal and injects some of the infected blood.
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Nosocomial Infections
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Does not show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to a hospital; aquired as a hosptial stay.
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Microorganisms in the Hospital
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Nosocomial infections do not cause disease in healthy people but are pathogenis for individuals whose defenses have been weakened by illness and therapy.
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Compromised Host
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is one whose resistance to infection is impared by diseases, therapy, or burns.
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Chain of Transmission
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Directly-Patient to Patient, Indirectly-(equipment)
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Emerging Infestious Diseases
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are ones that are new or changing
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Epidemiology
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The science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmittedin populations.
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