Microbiology Chapter 14

Front 1

Pathology

Back 1

is the scientific study of disease.

Front 2

Infection

Back 2

is the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.

Front 3

Disease

Back 3

occurs when an infection results in any change from a state of health.

Front 4

Normal Microbiota

Back 4

Micoorganisms that we need.

Front 5

Distribution and composition of Normal Microbiota.

Back 5

Nutrients, physical, and chemical factors, defenses of the host, and mechanical factors.

Front 6

Microbial Antagonism

Back 6

Normal Microbiota can benefit the host bypreventing the overgrowthof harmful microorganisms.

Front 7

Symbiosis

Back 7

The relationship between normal microbiota and the host.

Front 8

Commensalism

Back 8

Relationship between two organisms in which at least one organism is dependent on the other. one benefits and the other is unaffected.

Front 9

Mutualism

Back 9

Type of symbiosis that benefits both organisms.

Front 10

Paratisim

Back 10

Type of symbiosis, one organism benefits by deriving nutirents at the expense of the other.
(many disease-causing bacteria are parasites.)

Front 11

Etiology

Back 11

The cause of the disease.

Front 12

Pathogenis

Back 12

The manner in which the disease develops.

Front 13

Koch's Postulates

Back 13

1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in a pure culture.
3.The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal.
4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism.

Front 14

Exceptions to Koch's Postulates

Back 14

Some bacteria have unique culture requirements. So can't grow on a artifical media.
Use of alternative methods of culturing and detecting certain microbes.

Front 15

Infectious Disease:Symptoms

Back 15

Subjective-Change in body function such as pain.

Front 16

Infectious Disease:Signs

Back 16

Objective: lesions, swelling, fever, and paralysis.

Front 17

Communicable Disease

Back 17

Spread from one host to another directly or indirectly

Front 18

Contagious Disease

Back 18

Easily spread from one person to another.

Front 19

NonCommunicable Disease

Back 19

Not spread from one host to another.

Front 20

Incidence

Back 20

Number of people contract the disease.

Front 21

Prevalence

Back 21

Number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specific time regardless of when it first appeared.

Front 22

Sporadic

Back 22

Disease that occurs only occasionally.

Front 23

Endemic

Back 23

Constantly present in a population

Front 24

Epedemic

Back 24

Alot of people are affected in a short period of time

Front 25

Pandemic

Back 25

Occurs world wide

Front 26

Acute

Back 26

Develops rapidly but lasts for a short time (FLU)

Front 27

Subacute

Back 27

inbetween rapid & slow

Front 28

Chronic

Back 28

Develops slowly and lasts a long time.

Front 29

Latent

Back 29

Causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease

Front 30

Local infection

Back 30

Small area

Front 31

Systemic

Back 31

Spread through out the whole body.

Front 32

Sepsis

Back 32

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from spread of microbes, ecspecially basteria or their toxins from a focus of infection.

Front 33

Septicemia

Back 33

Blood poisoning, is a systemis infection arising from the multiplication of pathogens in the blood.

Front 34

Bacteremia

Back 34

The presence of bacteria in the blood.

Front 35

Toxemia

Back 35

Presence of toxins in the blood.

Front 36

Viremia

Back 36

Refers to viruses in the blood.

Front 37

Primary Infection

Back 37

is an acute infection that causes the inital illness.

Front 38

Secondary Infection

Back 38

is one caused by an opportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body defense.

Front 39

Predisposing factor

Back 39

makes the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of the disease.

Front 40

Incubation period

Back 40

is the interval between the intial infection and the first apperance of any signs or symptoms.

Front 41

Prodromal Period

Back 41

is a relatvely short period that ollows the period of incubation in some diseases.

Front 42

Period of Illness

Back 42

The disease is most severe. The person exhinits overt signs and symptoms of disease, such as fever, chills, muscle pain

Front 43

Period of Decline

Back 43

The sign and symptoms subside

Front 44

Period of Covalescence

Back 44

the person regains strength and the body returns to its prediseaed state.

Front 45

Reservoir of infection

Back 45

Source that is living or inanimate object that pr\ovides a pathogen with adequate conditions for survival and multiplication and a opprotuinity for transmission.

Front 46

Human Reservoirs

Back 46

People harbor pathogens and transmit them directly or indirectly. Carriers

Front 47

Animal Reservoirs

Back 47

Zoonoses- Disease that occur primarly in the wild and domestic animals and cna be transmitted to humans

Front 48

Non Living Reservoirs

Back 48

Soil & Water.

Front 49

Contact Transmission

Back 49

is the spread of an agent of disease by direct contact, indirect contact or droplet transmission.

Front 50

Direct contact transmission

Back 50

Person to Person transmission, direct transmission of an agent by physical contact between its source ans a suceptiable host

Front 51

Indirect contact transmission

Back 51

occurs when the agent of disease is transmitted from its reservoir to a suceptible host by means of a non living object.

Front 52

Droplet Transmission

Back 52

is a third type of contact transmission in which microbes are spread in droplet nuclei that travel only short distances.

Front 53

Vechile Transmission

Back 53

is the transmission of disease agents by a medium such as water, food, or air. Other media include blood and bodily fluids, drugs, and intravenous fluids.

Front 54

Vectors

Back 54

Arthpods-animals that carry pathogens from one host to another.(Insects

Front 55

Mechanical Transmission

Back 55

is the passive transport of the pathogen on the insect's feet or other body part's.

Front 56

Biological transmission

Back 56

is an active process more complex. Bites infected person or animal and injects some of the infected blood.

Front 57

Nosocomial Infections

Back 57

Does not show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to a hospital; aquired as a hosptial stay.

Front 58

Microorganisms in the Hospital

Back 58

Nosocomial infections do not cause disease in healthy people but are pathogenis for individuals whose defenses have been weakened by illness and therapy.

Front 59

Compromised Host

Back 59

is one whose resistance to infection is impared by diseases, therapy, or burns.

Front 60

Chain of Transmission

Back 60

Directly-Patient to Patient, Indirectly-(equipment)

Front 61

Emerging Infestious Diseases

Back 61

are ones that are new or changing

Front 62

Epidemiology

Back 62

The science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmittedin populations.