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91 Cards in this Set

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What is Mycology?
The study of fungi.
What is the Kingdom of fungi?
Fungi
What is the nutritional type for fungi?
Chemoheterotroph.
Are fungi multicellular?
Yes, except yeast which most are unicellular.
What is the cellular arrangement of fungi?
fleshy, unicellular, and filamentous.
How do fungi acquire food?
absorbtion.
What are the reproductive characteristics of fungi?
sexual and asexual.
Do fungi have an embryo formation?
None.
What is the Thallus of fungi?
fleshy body consisting of long filaments joined together.
What is a fungi's Hyphae?
Joined filaments. Can grow very large.
What is a fungi's Septa?
Nucleus cells.
Cross walled hyphae which divide into distinct uninucleate cell like units.
What is the purpose of vegatative hyphae?
To obtain nutrients.
What is a mycelium?
mass of hyphae.
How do "fission" yeasts divide?
symmetrically.
How do budding yeasts divide?
Budding yeast Asymmetrically.
Fission yeast - symetrically.
Like trees the buds branch out unevenly and wherever.
Why the name fungal dimorphism?
It can be a mold or a yeast.
What is Zygomycota?
1-conjugation fungi;
2-can appear as Black bread mold Rhizopus.
3- no cross-walls; Septa.
4-produce sporangiospores and zygospores.
5-Rhizopus, mucor.
Zygo-Why go to the Zoo.
Zoo animals are congregated together in a pen: Conjugation
Eating black bread.
What is Ascomycota? There are six kinds. Can you list them?
Mycota= fungi;
Askos = Sac fungi;
crosswalled;
Teleomorphic fungi- produce sexual and some asexual spores.
Aspergillus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum, Trichophyton.
A, B, D, H, M, T.
What is the main positive derivative of Anamorphs?
Penicillium.
What does systemic mycoses mean?
Deep within the body.
What does subcutaneous mycoses mean?
Beneath the skin.
What does cutaneous mycoses mean?
Affect hair, skin, and nails.
What does superficial mycoses mean?
Localized, like hair shafts and limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.
What does opportunistic mycoses mean?
Caused by normal microbiota or enviromental fungi. With immunosuppressed there is no there is no such thing as non-pathogenic fungi.
Opportunity to be normal in this enviroment.
What are three types of Lichen?
Fruticose
Foliose
Crustose
What is Lichen?
A mutualistic combination of alga and fungus. Algae produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast.
What is the kingdom of Algae?
Protist.
What is Algae's nutritional type?
Photoautotroph
Is algae multicellular?
Some are.
What is the cellular arrangement of algae?
filamentous, unicellular, colonial.
How do algae acquire food?
Diffusion.
diffusion does not involve chemical energy. 1. The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.
What is a main characteristic feature of algae?
Pigments.
Do algae have embryo formation?
None.
What is the nick-name for Phaeophyta and what is it harvested for?
Nickname= Brown algae
It is harveted for algin which is used in products such as toothpaste and ice cream.
What is the nick-name for Rhodophyta and what is it harvested for?
nick name = Red algae
harvested for use in agar.
What is the nick-name for Chlorophyta and what is special about this algae?
nick name = Green algae and sea lettuce.
It supposedly gave rise to plants.
keyword = Chloro
What are diatoms?
Small algae that have glass houses (silica).
Store oil.
Fossilized diatoms formed oil.
What is a result of Dinoflagellates and why can these be bad?
Causes "Red tide".
Cannot harvest shrimp during Red tide.
Produce neurotoxins and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.
What is Oomycota?
Water mold.
These are decomposers and plant parasites.
What is the Kingdom of Protozoa?
Protist.
What is the nutritional type for protozoans?
Chemoheterotroph.
Are protozoans multicellular?
No. They are unicellular.
a protozoan is a SINGLE celled organism.
what is the cellular arrangement of protozoans?
Unicellular.
How do protozoas acquire food?
absorbtion and ingestion.
What are the characteristic features of protozoans?
motility; some form cysts.
moving cancerous bubbles.
Do protozoans have embryo formation?
none.
What is the vegatative form of protozoa?
Trophozoite. (the opposite of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form).
What two negative things result from Archaezoa?
Giardia lamblia in drinking water is the NUMBER ONE cause of parasytic infection in the USA. Must take flagyl for cure. AND
Trichomonas vaginalis which is a reportable venereal disease.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Soil or bird feces, systemic, acquired by inhalation;
Fungal meningitis;
treated with Amphotericin B AND Flucytosine in combination; mortality 30%.
This is an intracellular parasite that is nonmotile and has no mitochondria. Nosema: associated with chronic diarrhea and keratoconjuctivitis (inflamed eyes); most notable in aids.
Microspora.
The ides of March.
the eyes of March.
eye and microscope
Move by pseudopods.
Ameobozoa
"Can" grow in tap water and can infect cornea (kera.) and cause blindness.
A genus of amoebae, one of the most common protozoa in soil, and also frequently found in fresh water and other habitats.
Acanthamoeba: Ameobozoa
I can't see aboeba in the water
keyword = "CAN"
Cause amoeba desentery.
Entamoeba : Ameobozoa
Ant ameoba
Nonmotile intracellular parasites with "complex" life cycles.
Apicomplexa.
Keyword = complex
10% of the world population at any given moment suffer from this.
Plasmodium: apicomplexa.
Malaria delivered through misquitos.
Blood parasite that causes problem mainly with immunosuppressed.
Babesia. : apicomplexa.
Blood baby.
Water born; diarrhea; possibly even in swimming "pools" and a reportabel infection.
Cryptosporidium: apicomplexa.
Tales from the swimming pool.
Causes diarrhea from snow peas.
Cyclospora: apicomplexa.
Cyclone in the butt.
Transferred from cat feces and dangerous to pregnant woman; causing congenital infections in utero.
Toxoplasma: apicomplexa.
Toxic cats.
These protozoa move by cilia; they're complex cells. Balantidium coli is the only human parasite and causes diarrhea. What is the name of the phylum?
Ciliates: protozoa.
Balantidium coli is a parasitic species of ciliate protozoan.
Move by flagella and is an intermediate between algae and protozoa.
Euglenozoa: protozoa.
This hemoflagellate moves by flagella and can cause sleeping sickness or Chagas' disease from the "kissing bug".
Trypanosoma spp.: Euglenozoa.
try a pan of coffee.
What is the kingdom of Helminths?
Animalia.
What is the nutritional type for helminths?
chemoheterotroph.
Are helminths multicellular?
All helminths.
How do helminths acquire food?
ingestive; absorptive.
What is a main characterisitic feature of helminths?
Elaborate life cycles.
Do helminths have embryo formation?
yes, all of them do.
What are the two phylums of helminths?
Phylum: platyhelminths (flatworms) which include the classes:
1- trematodes (flukes)
2- cestodes (tapeworms)
and
the phylum: Nematoda (roundworms)
What are a few characteristics of helminths?
Reduced digestive system.
Reduced nervous system.
Reduced locomotion.
Comples reproduction.
Describe the life cycle of helminths.
Go from egg, larva, to adult.
1- Monoecious (hermaphroditic) male and female reproductive systems in one animal.
Dioecious which are separate male and female reproductive systems.
Which two types of helminths are monoecious unlike nematodes which are dioecious.
Tremetodes and Cestodes.
What is the name of the head and body of the Cestode or tapeworm?
Scolex. Each segment of its body is called a progattid.
Is a tapeworm monoecious or dioecious?
It is a monoecious. Hermaphrodite.
What are the most common helminth in the USA and are they mono or dioecious?
The most common are nematodes which are dioecious (having separate male and female worms).
What is the phylum that contains an exoskeleton and jointed legs and which kingdom is it in?
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
class: Lice, fleas, mosquitoes
class: arachnida: mites, ticks, spiders.
In what three ways do arthopods act as vectors?
Biological transmission, Definitive host, and Mechanical transmission
Blastomyces, inhalation, lungs; what is the mycosis?
Systemic
Sporothrix, puncture, ulcerative lesions, where is the mycosis?
Subcutaneous.
Microsporum, contact, fingernails; Where is the mycosis?
Cutaneous.
Trichosporon, contact, hair shafts; what is the mycosis?
Superficial.
Aspergillus, inhalation, lungs; What is the mycosis?
Systemic
Archaezoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
Flagella, Giardia.
Microspora's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
No motility.
Nosema.
Amoebozoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
Pseudopods,
Entaboeba.
Apicomplexa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
None,
Plasmodium:
Malaria is the illness.
Ciliophora's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
Cilia,
Balantidium.
Euglenozoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is _____.
Flagella,
Trypanasoma.
These are obligate intracellular parasites that lack mitochondria. Nosema belongs to this phylum.
Microspora.
A parasite cannot be a fungi.
However, it can be a protozoa.
These are nonmotile parasites with special organelles for penetrating host tissue.
Apicomplexa.
These photosynthetic organisms can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.
Dinoflagellates