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91 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
What is Mycology?
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The study of fungi.
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What is the Kingdom of fungi?
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Fungi
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What is the nutritional type for fungi?
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Chemoheterotroph.
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Are fungi multicellular?
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Yes, except yeast which most are unicellular.
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What is the cellular arrangement of fungi?
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fleshy, unicellular, and filamentous.
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How do fungi acquire food?
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absorbtion.
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What are the reproductive characteristics of fungi?
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sexual and asexual.
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Do fungi have an embryo formation?
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None.
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What is the Thallus of fungi?
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fleshy body consisting of long filaments joined together.
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What is a fungi's Hyphae?
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Joined filaments. Can grow very large.
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What is a fungi's Septa?
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Nucleus cells.
Cross walled hyphae which divide into distinct uninucleate cell like units. |
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What is the purpose of vegatative hyphae?
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To obtain nutrients.
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What is a mycelium?
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mass of hyphae.
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How do "fission" yeasts divide?
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symmetrically.
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How do budding yeasts divide?
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Budding yeast Asymmetrically.
Fission yeast - symetrically. |
Like trees the buds branch out unevenly and wherever.
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Why the name fungal dimorphism?
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It can be a mold or a yeast.
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What is Zygomycota?
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1-conjugation fungi;
2-can appear as Black bread mold Rhizopus. 3- no cross-walls; Septa. 4-produce sporangiospores and zygospores. 5-Rhizopus, mucor. |
Zygo-Why go to the Zoo.
Zoo animals are congregated together in a pen: Conjugation Eating black bread. |
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What is Ascomycota? There are six kinds. Can you list them?
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Mycota= fungi;
Askos = Sac fungi; crosswalled; Teleomorphic fungi- produce sexual and some asexual spores. Aspergillus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum, Trichophyton. A, B, D, H, M, T. |
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What is the main positive derivative of Anamorphs?
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Penicillium.
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What does systemic mycoses mean?
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Deep within the body.
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What does subcutaneous mycoses mean?
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Beneath the skin.
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What does cutaneous mycoses mean?
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Affect hair, skin, and nails.
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What does superficial mycoses mean?
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Localized, like hair shafts and limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.
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What does opportunistic mycoses mean?
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Caused by normal microbiota or enviromental fungi. With immunosuppressed there is no there is no such thing as non-pathogenic fungi.
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Opportunity to be normal in this enviroment.
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What are three types of Lichen?
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Fruticose
Foliose Crustose |
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What is Lichen?
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A mutualistic combination of alga and fungus. Algae produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast.
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What is the kingdom of Algae?
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Protist.
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What is Algae's nutritional type?
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Photoautotroph
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Is algae multicellular?
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Some are.
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What is the cellular arrangement of algae?
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filamentous, unicellular, colonial.
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How do algae acquire food?
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Diffusion.
diffusion does not involve chemical energy. 1. The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
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What is a main characteristic feature of algae?
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Pigments.
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Do algae have embryo formation?
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None.
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What is the nick-name for Phaeophyta and what is it harvested for?
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Nickname= Brown algae
It is harveted for algin which is used in products such as toothpaste and ice cream. |
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What is the nick-name for Rhodophyta and what is it harvested for?
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nick name = Red algae
harvested for use in agar. |
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What is the nick-name for Chlorophyta and what is special about this algae?
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nick name = Green algae and sea lettuce.
It supposedly gave rise to plants. |
keyword = Chloro
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What are diatoms?
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Small algae that have glass houses (silica).
Store oil. Fossilized diatoms formed oil. |
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What is a result of Dinoflagellates and why can these be bad?
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Causes "Red tide".
Cannot harvest shrimp during Red tide. Produce neurotoxins and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. |
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What is Oomycota?
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Water mold.
These are decomposers and plant parasites. |
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What is the Kingdom of Protozoa?
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Protist.
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What is the nutritional type for protozoans?
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Chemoheterotroph.
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Are protozoans multicellular?
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No. They are unicellular.
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a protozoan is a SINGLE celled organism.
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what is the cellular arrangement of protozoans?
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Unicellular.
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How do protozoas acquire food?
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absorbtion and ingestion.
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What are the characteristic features of protozoans?
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motility; some form cysts.
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moving cancerous bubbles.
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Do protozoans have embryo formation?
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none.
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What is the vegatative form of protozoa?
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Trophozoite. (the opposite of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form).
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What two negative things result from Archaezoa?
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Giardia lamblia in drinking water is the NUMBER ONE cause of parasytic infection in the USA. Must take flagyl for cure. AND
Trichomonas vaginalis which is a reportable venereal disease. |
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Soil or bird feces, systemic, acquired by inhalation;
Fungal meningitis; treated with Amphotericin B AND Flucytosine in combination; mortality 30%. |
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This is an intracellular parasite that is nonmotile and has no mitochondria. Nosema: associated with chronic diarrhea and keratoconjuctivitis (inflamed eyes); most notable in aids.
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Microspora.
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The ides of March.
the eyes of March. eye and microscope |
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Move by pseudopods.
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Ameobozoa
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"Can" grow in tap water and can infect cornea (kera.) and cause blindness.
A genus of amoebae, one of the most common protozoa in soil, and also frequently found in fresh water and other habitats. |
Acanthamoeba: Ameobozoa
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I can't see aboeba in the water
keyword = "CAN" |
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Cause amoeba desentery.
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Entamoeba : Ameobozoa
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Ant ameoba
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Nonmotile intracellular parasites with "complex" life cycles.
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Apicomplexa.
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Keyword = complex
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10% of the world population at any given moment suffer from this.
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Plasmodium: apicomplexa.
Malaria delivered through misquitos. |
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Blood parasite that causes problem mainly with immunosuppressed.
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Babesia. : apicomplexa.
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Blood baby.
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Water born; diarrhea; possibly even in swimming "pools" and a reportabel infection.
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Cryptosporidium: apicomplexa.
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Tales from the swimming pool.
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Causes diarrhea from snow peas.
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Cyclospora: apicomplexa.
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Cyclone in the butt.
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Transferred from cat feces and dangerous to pregnant woman; causing congenital infections in utero.
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Toxoplasma: apicomplexa.
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Toxic cats.
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These protozoa move by cilia; they're complex cells. Balantidium coli is the only human parasite and causes diarrhea. What is the name of the phylum?
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Ciliates: protozoa.
Balantidium coli is a parasitic species of ciliate protozoan. |
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Move by flagella and is an intermediate between algae and protozoa.
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Euglenozoa: protozoa.
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This hemoflagellate moves by flagella and can cause sleeping sickness or Chagas' disease from the "kissing bug".
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Trypanosoma spp.: Euglenozoa.
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try a pan of coffee.
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What is the kingdom of Helminths?
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Animalia.
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What is the nutritional type for helminths?
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chemoheterotroph.
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Are helminths multicellular?
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All helminths.
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How do helminths acquire food?
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ingestive; absorptive.
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What is a main characterisitic feature of helminths?
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Elaborate life cycles.
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Do helminths have embryo formation?
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yes, all of them do.
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What are the two phylums of helminths?
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Phylum: platyhelminths (flatworms) which include the classes:
1- trematodes (flukes) 2- cestodes (tapeworms) and the phylum: Nematoda (roundworms) |
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What are a few characteristics of helminths?
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Reduced digestive system.
Reduced nervous system. Reduced locomotion. Comples reproduction. |
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Describe the life cycle of helminths.
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Go from egg, larva, to adult.
1- Monoecious (hermaphroditic) male and female reproductive systems in one animal. Dioecious which are separate male and female reproductive systems. |
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Which two types of helminths are monoecious unlike nematodes which are dioecious.
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Tremetodes and Cestodes.
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What is the name of the head and body of the Cestode or tapeworm?
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Scolex. Each segment of its body is called a progattid.
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Is a tapeworm monoecious or dioecious?
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It is a monoecious. Hermaphrodite.
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What are the most common helminth in the USA and are they mono or dioecious?
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The most common are nematodes which are dioecious (having separate male and female worms).
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What is the phylum that contains an exoskeleton and jointed legs and which kingdom is it in?
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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda class: Lice, fleas, mosquitoes class: arachnida: mites, ticks, spiders. |
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In what three ways do arthopods act as vectors?
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Biological transmission, Definitive host, and Mechanical transmission
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Blastomyces, inhalation, lungs; what is the mycosis?
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Systemic
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Sporothrix, puncture, ulcerative lesions, where is the mycosis?
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Subcutaneous.
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Microsporum, contact, fingernails; Where is the mycosis?
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Cutaneous.
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Trichosporon, contact, hair shafts; what is the mycosis?
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Superficial.
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Aspergillus, inhalation, lungs; What is the mycosis?
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Systemic
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Archaezoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
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Flagella, Giardia.
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Microspora's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
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No motility.
Nosema. |
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Amoebozoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
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Pseudopods,
Entaboeba. |
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Apicomplexa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
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None,
Plasmodium: Malaria is the illness. |
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Ciliophora's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is ____.
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Cilia,
Balantidium. |
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Euglenozoa's method of motility is ____. A human parasite is _____.
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Flagella,
Trypanasoma. |
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These are obligate intracellular parasites that lack mitochondria. Nosema belongs to this phylum.
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Microspora.
A parasite cannot be a fungi. However, it can be a protozoa. |
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These are nonmotile parasites with special organelles for penetrating host tissue.
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Apicomplexa.
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These photosynthetic organisms can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.
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Dinoflagellates
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