Microbiology Chapter 12

Front 1

Chemotherapy

Back 1

Chemical substances used for treatment of infectious diseades

Front 2

Antibiotic

Back 2

Substance produced by one microorganism that is inhibitory or toxic against another microorganism.

Front 3

Antimicrobial action inhibits:

Back 3

Cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, cytoplasmic membrane synthesis, synthesis of essential metabolites, and DNA synthesis.

Front 4

Penicillin

Back 4

Natural, narrow spectrum, susceptible to penicillinases, better when injected.

Front 5

Semisynthetic penicillin

Back 5

Produced partially by a chemical process, more difficult to break up by penicillinase.

Front 6

Cephalosporins

Back 6

Cell wall inhibitor similar to penicillin, resistant to b-lactamase enzyme

Front 7

Bacitracin

Back 7

Polypeptide antibiotic effective against Gr+ bacteria

Front 8

Aminoglycosides

Back 8

Protein synthesis inhibitor changes ribosome shape, mRNA misread

Front 9

Chloramphenicol

Back 9

Inhibits formation of polypeptide chain, bacteriostatic, use restricted because suppresses blood cell formation

Front 10

Tetracyclin

Back 10

Interferes with attachment of tRNA and mRNA, bacteriostatic

Front 11

Erythromycin

Back 11

Prevents ribosome movement along the mRNA, bacteriostatic, not effective against Gr- bacteria

Front 12

Polymixin B

Back 12

Plasma membrane inhibitor, effective against Gr- bacteria, bactericidal

Front 13

Rifampin

Back 13

Inhibits mRNA synthesis , cannot penetrate Gr- bacteria, bactericidal

Front 14

Sulfanamides

Back 14

Drug that mimics the para-aminobenozoic acid uses for synthesis of folic acid; competitive inhibitor

Front 15

Actions of antiviral drugs:

Back 15

Inhibition of virus entry, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of viral assembly

Front 16

How bacteria evade antibiotics:

Back 16

Inactivation of drug, prevention of penetration, pumping drug out of cell (efflux), alteration of drug's target sites