Microbiology Chapter 1 (Black Text)

Front 1

definition microbiology

Back 1

the study of all microorganisms (microbes) in the microscopic range. These include bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses, viroids, prions, and protozoa.

Front 2

purpose of microbiology

Back 2

microorganisms are part of the human environment and are therefore important to human health; insight into life processes

Front 3

bacteria

Back 3

mostly single-celled organisms w/spherical, rod, or spiral shapes (few w/filaments), prokaryotes

Front 4

algae

Back 4

single-celled microscopic organisms; clearly def. nucleus; all photosynthesize; eukaryotes

Front 5

fungi

Back 5

single-celled microscopic organisms (yeasts) or multi-cellular micro. (molds); absorb nutrients from environment; eukaryotes

Front 6

viruses

Back 6

acellular entities too small to be seen w/light microscope; composed of specific chem. Sub. Incl. nucleic acid & a few proteins

Front 7

viroids

Back 7

nucleic acid w/o protein coat

Front 8

prions

Back 8

protein w/o nucleic acid

Front 9

protozoa

Back 9

single-celled, microscopic organisms w/at least one nucleus & numerous intercellular structuresl; eukaryotes

Front 10

cell theory

Back 10

all cells are the fundamental units of life and carry out all basic functions of living things

Front 11

bacteriophage

Back 11

virus that infects bacteria

Front 12

table 1.1

Front 13

germ theory of disease

Back 13

microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease

Front 14

disproving spontaneous generation

Back 14

(1) Redi - spontaneous generation of worms in spoiled meat; (2) Spallanzani - boiled broth in sealed flasks; (3) Pasteur - swan neck flasks; (4) Tyndall - boiled broth in air-tight box

Front 15

Koch's 1st postulate

Back 15

the microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms

Front 16

Koch's 2nd postulate

Back 16

the suspected microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture

Front 17

Koch's 3rd postulate

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the same disease must result when isolated microbe is inoculated into a healthy host

Front 18

Koch's 4th postulate

Back 18

the same microbe must be isolated again from the diseased host

Front 19

Pasteur's Contributions

Back 19

(1) disprove spontaneous generation (swan-neck flask); (2) technique of pasteurization to kill unwanted organisms; (3) associated specific organisms w/particular diseases; (4) developed vaccienes

Front 20

Lister's Contributions

Back 20

initiated the use of diulte carbolic acid on bandages & instruments to reduce infection --> aseptic techniques

Front 21

Semmelweis's Contributions

Back 21

recognized connection between autopsies and puerperal fever; i.e. microorganisms cause infections

Front 22

specialized fields of microbiology

Back 22

immunology, virology, chemotherapy, genetics & molecular biology

Front 23

future of microbiology

Back 23

involves genetic engineering, gene therapy, bacteriophage viruses, genomes