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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microbiology
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the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
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6 types of microorganisms
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1.)Bacteria 4.)Protozoa
2.)Viruses 5.)Helminths 3.)Fungi 6.)Algae |
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How many different microbes cause diseases?
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2,000
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How many new infections per year are caused by microbes worldwide?
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10 billion
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How many deaths are caused from infections by microbes per year worldwide?
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13 million
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Characteristics of a Procaryote
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microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
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characteristics of eukaryotes
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microscopic(unicellular) and multi-cellular, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
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characteristics of viruses
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acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein
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How are procaryotes measured?
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in micrometers
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how are viruses measured
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in nanometers
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how are helminths measured?
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in millimeters
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What is spontaneous generation?
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early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter (flies from manure)
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What are endospores?
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Heat resistant forms of some microbes
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Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
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observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth in hospital
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Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
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correlated infections with physicians coming directly from autopsy room to maternity ward
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Joseph Lister
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introduced aseptic techniques reducing microbes in medical settings to prevent infections; involved disinfection of hands using chemicals prior to surgery; use of heat for sterilization
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Louis Pasteur
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showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage; disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms; developed pasteurization; demonstrated what is now know as germ theory of disease; developed rabies vaccine
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taxonomy
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formal system of organizing, classifying and naming living things
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classification
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orderly arrangement of organisms into groups
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nomenclature
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assigning names
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identification
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discovering and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes
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Levels of Classification
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Domain (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya), Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species (always lowercase)
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How are microorganisms named?
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binomial nomenclature; gives each microbe 2 names
1.)genus- noun, always captialized 2.)species- adjective, lowercase both italicized or underlined |
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What are the 3 Domains?
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1.)Bacteria: true bacteria, peptidoglycan
2.)Archaea: odd bacteria that live in extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc. 3.)Eukarya: have a nucleus and organelles |
