Microbiology Ch20 Antimicrobial Drugs

Front 1

the “magic bullet,” basis for chemotherapy is associated with Mr.____

Back 1

Paul Ehrlich

Front 2

S. aureus and P. notatum antibiosis and antibiotic is associated with Mr. ______

Back 2

Alexander Fleming

Front 3

______ resurrected interest in penicillin

Back 3

Prontosil Red

Front 4

More than half of our antibiotics are made from ______, but they can come from _____ and ______

Back 4

Streptomyces; endospores and fungi

Front 5

Some drugs have a _______ of microbial activity, which only effect certain microbial types, such as: gram negative or only gram positive bacteria.

Back 5

narrow spectrum

Front 6

Antibiotics that effect a wide range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria are ______ antibiotics

Back 6

broad-spectrum

Front 7

______ are resistant to antibiotics and continues in growth

Back 7

Superinfection

Front 8

Lipopolysaccharides in the outer Gram-negative bacteria with _____inhibit antibiotics

Back 8

porins

Front 9

antimicrobial drugs that are ______ kill microbes directly

Back 9

bactericidal

Front 10

antimicrobial drugs that are ____ prevent microbes from growing

Back 10

bacteriostatic

Front 11

______ contain core structure with a β-lactam ring called the nucleus; can be natural or synthetic, prevents the crosslinking of peptidoglycan

Back 11

Penicillin

Front 12

Penicillin- contain core structure with a ______ ring called the nucleus; can be natural or synthetic, prevents the crosslinking of peptidoglycan

Back 12

β-lactam

Front 13

Penicillin- contain core structure with a β-lactam ring called the nucleus; can be natural or synthetic, prevents the crosslinking of _______

Back 13

peptidoglycan

Front 14

_______ extracted from Penicillium, the prototype is penicillin G, it has a narrow activity and susceptibility to penicillinases or β-lactamase

Back 14

Natural penicillin

Front 15

Natural penicillin- extracted from _______, the prototype is penicillin G, it has a narrow activity and susceptibility to penicillinases or β-lactamase

Back 15

Penicillium

Front 16

Natural penicillin- extracted from Penicillium, the prototype is penicillin G, it has a narrow activity and susceptibility to _____ and ______

Back 16

penicillinases or β-lactamase

Front 17

______ penicillin- extract the common penicillin nucleus or make partly natural, partly synthetic

Back 17

Semisynthetic

Front 18

_____ is resistant to penicillins- seen with staphylococcal infections, MRSA

Back 18

Penicillinase

Front 19

_________ penicillins- tend to have greater impact on Gram-negative

Back 19

Extended- Spectrum

Front 20

Penicillins Plus β-Lactamase Inhibitors is penicillin and ____

Back 20

clavulanic acid

Front 21

_______ contain sulfur and a double bonded penicillin nucleus, extremely broad spectrum

Back 21

Carbapenems

Front 22

_______ aztreonam, synthetic antibiotic with one ring, low toxicity, wide range

Back 22

Monobactams-

Front 23

______ inhibit cell wall synthesis, widely used, develop in generations

Back 23

Cephalosporins

Front 24

these 2 bring Injury to the plasma membrane by inhibiting fatty acids:

Back 24

polymyxin B and bacitracin

Front 25

these 3 are Inhibitors of nucleic acid:

Back 25

Rifamycin (derived from rifamin), Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones

Front 26

2 competitive Inhibitors of the Synthesis of Essential Metabolites are:

Back 26

-Sulfonamides
-TMP- SMZ

Front 27

______ inhibit folic acid synthesis

Back 27

Sulfonamides

Front 28

______ inhibit dihydrofolic acid synthesis

Back 28

TMP- SMZ

Front 29

zone of inhibition, minimal inhibitory concentration, Kirby- Bauer are all associated with the _______ test

Back 29

disk diffusion

Front 30

minimal bactericidal concentration is associated with _______ test

Back 30

Broth dilution

Front 31

4 antimicrobial drug categories are:

Back 31

antiviral, antihelminthic, antiprotozoan and antifungal

Front 32

____ and ____ have hereditary drug resistance (R) factors

Back 32

Transposons and plasmids

Front 33

4 mechanism of resistance are:

Back 33

1- enzymatic destruction (or inactivation of the drug)
2- prevention of penetration to the target site within the microbe
3- alteration of the drug's target site
4- rapid efflux (ejection) of the antibiotic

Remember: PEAR

Front 34

_____ drugs can be taken together

Back 34

Synergistic

Front 35

_______ drugs are less effective when taken together

Back 35

Antagonistic

Front 36

Chemicals produced by plants and animals provide antimicrobial ______

Back 36

peptides

Front 37

______ can also be used to block pathogenicity

Back 37

siRNA

Front 38

siRNA can also be used to block ________

Back 38

pathogenicity

Front 39

_______ is a very effective synthetic antimicrobial drug against Mycobacterium terberculosis.

Back 39

Isoniazid (INH)

Front 40

In the test to guide chemotherapy the Disk-Diffusion test uses a ______ _____ agar which contains ______.

Back 40

Mueller Hinton, starch.

Front 41

siRNAs stands for:

Back 41

small interfering RNAs