Microbiology Ch.2 Part 2

Front 1

this type of reaction is when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules.

Back 1

a synthesis reaction

Front 2

A + B= AB new molecule

Back 2

synthesis reaction

Front 3

pathway of synthesis reactions in living organisms are collectively called __________ reactions. The combing of sugar molecules to form starch and or amino acids to form proteins are two examples of ________ (ism).

Back 3

anabolism

Front 4

bonds are broken in this type of reaction.

Back 4

decomposition

Front 5

This type of reaction splits larger molecules into smaller ions, atoms, or molecules.

these types of reactions occur in the human body or living organisms are called catabolism.

Back 5

Decomposition reaction

Front 6

Molecule AB--------- A + B

what type of reaction is this?

Back 6

Decomposition

Front 7

An example of this type of reaction is the breakdown of sucrose into into simple sugars, glucose and fructose during digestion.

Back 7

catabolism

Front 8

Bacterial decomposition of petroleum is this type of a _________ reaction.

Back 8

Decomposition/Catabolism

Front 9

This type of reaction is based on synthesis and part decomposition reactions.

Back 9

Exchange reaction

Front 10

AB + CB--------- AD + BC

what type of reaction is this?

Back 10

Exchange reaction

Front 11

First the bonds are broken down in a decomposition reaction. New bonds are formed in a synthesis reaction.

Back 11

Exchange reaction

Front 12

NaOH + HCL----------NaCL + H20

Back 12

Exchange Reaction

Front 13

A chemical reaction that is readily reversible is called

Back 13

a reversible reaction

Front 14

These ________ are molecules that typically lack carbon and are small and structurally simple.

Back 14

Inorganic compounds

Front 15

________ compounds include water, 02 (molecular oxygen), carbon dioxide, and many salts, acids, and bases.

Back 15

Inorganic compounds

Front 16

These compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and are structurally complex

Back 16

Organic compounds

Front 17

These ________ chains form the basis of many organic compounds in living cells, including sugars, amino acids, and vitamins.

These compounds are typically held together by covalent bonds.

Back 17

Organic compounds

Front 18

Polysacchrides, proteins, nucleic acids, and proteins are these type of ____________ compounds.

Back 18

Organic compounds

Front 19

this makes up at least 5-95 percent of all living cells. NO organism can live without it.

Back 19

Water

Front 20

The total charge of water is

BUT the o2 portion is slightly____
and the Hydrogen portion is slightly ____
thus making it a ______

Back 20

neutral


polar molecule

Front 21

What is a polar molecule?

Back 21

A molecule having such an unequal distribution of charges is a polar molecule

Front 22

The polarity of this substance makes it a excellent dissolving medium, or solvent.

Most solvents go through the process called dissociation-or separation.

Back 22

Water

Front 23

The negative part of the water molecules is attracted to the positive part of the molecules in the solute, or dissolving substance, and the positive part of the water molecules is attracted to the negative part of the solute molecules.

Back 23

water polarity

Front 24

Substances such as salts that are composed atoms or groups of atoms held together by ionic bonds tend to dissociate into separate cations and anions in water.

thus, the polarity of water allows molecules of many different substances to separate and become surrounded by water molecules.

Back 24

Water polarity

Front 25

The polarity of water accounts for water's characteristic role as a reactant or product in many different chemical reactions.

Its polarity facilitates the splitting or joining of H+ and OH- (hydroxide ions).

Back 25

Polarity of water

Front 26

Water is an excellent temperature buffer.

A given quantity of water requires a great gan of heat to increase its temperature and a great loss of heat to decrease its temperature.

Back 26

polarity of water

Front 27

Heat absorption by molecules increases their kinetic energy and thus increases their rate of motion and their reactivity.

In water, head absorption first breaks hydrogen bonds rather than increasing their rate of motion. Therefore much more heat must be applied to raise the temperature of water than to raise the temperature of a non-hydrogen bonded liquid.

Back 27

polarity of water

Front 28

Water more easily maintains a constant temperature than other solvents and tends to protect a cell from fluctuations in environmental temperatures.

Back 28

polarity of water