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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Harmful effects of microbes on our lives
disease-causing; food spoilage
Beneficial effects of microbes on our lives
decomposing, fermentation (pickles, yogurt, bread, vinegar); assist in digestion and synthesis of vitamins in human and animals, food and oxygen generation via photosynthesis; synthesis of acetone and alcohol and many drugs, waste water treatment, bioremediation, pest control
Knowledge of microorganisms allows humans to
-prevent food spoilage
-prevent disease occurence
-prevent contamination in medicine and in microbiology laboratories
Scientific Nomenclature
Genus and specific epithet

eg. Staphyloccoccus aureu
Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Genus
Species

King Philip Came Over From Germany on a Ship
Six kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Three Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Eukarya includes these kingdoms:
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Hooke
compound microscope,
cell theory
van Leeuwenhoek
staining technique
Theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis
Needham
Spallanzani
Redi
Virchow
Pasteur
Needham
heated solution still had microorganisms
Spallanzani
seal the heated solution, prevent microorganisms
Redi
maggots did not rise spontaneously from decaying meat
Virchow
developed biogenesis
Pasteur
basis for aseptic technique
The germ theory of disease
Ignaz Semmelwise
Lister
Koch
Jenner
Ehrlich & Fleming
Ignaz Semmelwise
hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever for OB patient
Lister
use of disinfectants
Koch's postulates
-The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
-The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
-The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
-The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism.
Jenner
vaccination
Ehrlich and Fleming
chemotherapy (salvaran for syphilis; and penicillin)
microorganisms
living things too small to be seen without the aid of microscope
Bacteria
unicellular, prokaryotes, pertidoglycan in the wall, bacillus, coccus, and spiral shape
Archaea
anaerobic, lack peptidoglycan in the wall, includes methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
mycology
fungi (molds, mushrooms, yeasts), chitin in the wall
parasitology
protozoan and parasitic worms (helminths)
Virology
Virus, Viroid, Prions
Bacteriology
Bacteria, Archaea
Virus
a non cellular infectious agent with a protein coat wrapped around a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core, may have envelope. It is obligatory parasitic.
Viroid
tightly folded strands or circles of RNA
Prions
abnormal, less soluble forms of proteins necessary for the operation on neurons. Prions catalyze normal proteins into more prions. They coagulate as massive deposits inside the brain and cause fetal degernerative diseases.

eg. Mad cow disease, kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Biotechnology
the use of microbes to produce food and chemicals
genetic engineering
-new biotechnology technique
-bacteria and fungi can produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes
gene therapy
can replace missing or defective genes in human cells
normal microbiota
variety of microorganisms on and inside of our body
-prevent growth of pathogens
-produce growth factors such as folic acid and vitamin K
Emerging Infectious Diseases
West nile encephalitis
Mad cow disease
Ebola hemorrhagic fever, marburg virus
cryptosporidiosis
AIDS
Invasive group A Streptococcis
Avian Influenza A
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)