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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Harmful effects of microbes on our lives
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disease-causing; food spoilage
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Beneficial effects of microbes on our lives
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decomposing, fermentation (pickles, yogurt, bread, vinegar); assist in digestion and synthesis of vitamins in human and animals, food and oxygen generation via photosynthesis; synthesis of acetone and alcohol and many drugs, waste water treatment, bioremediation, pest control
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Knowledge of microorganisms allows humans to
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-prevent food spoilage
-prevent disease occurence -prevent contamination in medicine and in microbiology laboratories |
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Scientific Nomenclature
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Genus and specific epithet
eg. Staphyloccoccus aureu |
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Classification
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Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Genus Species King Philip Came Over From Germany on a Ship |
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Six kingdoms
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Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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Three Domains
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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Eukarya includes these kingdoms:
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Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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Hooke
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compound microscope,
cell theory |
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van Leeuwenhoek
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staining technique
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Theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis
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Needham
Spallanzani Redi Virchow Pasteur |
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Needham
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heated solution still had microorganisms
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Spallanzani
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seal the heated solution, prevent microorganisms
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Redi
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maggots did not rise spontaneously from decaying meat
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Virchow
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developed biogenesis
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Pasteur
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basis for aseptic technique
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The germ theory of disease
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Ignaz Semmelwise
Lister Koch Jenner Ehrlich & Fleming |
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Ignaz Semmelwise
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hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever for OB patient
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Lister
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use of disinfectants
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Koch's postulates
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-The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
-The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture -The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal -The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism. |
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Jenner
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vaccination
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Ehrlich and Fleming
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chemotherapy (salvaran for syphilis; and penicillin)
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microorganisms
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living things too small to be seen without the aid of microscope
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Bacteria
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unicellular, prokaryotes, pertidoglycan in the wall, bacillus, coccus, and spiral shape
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Archaea
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anaerobic, lack peptidoglycan in the wall, includes methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
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mycology
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fungi (molds, mushrooms, yeasts), chitin in the wall
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parasitology
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protozoan and parasitic worms (helminths)
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Virology
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Virus, Viroid, Prions
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Bacteriology
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Bacteria, Archaea
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Virus
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a non cellular infectious agent with a protein coat wrapped around a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core, may have envelope. It is obligatory parasitic.
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Viroid
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tightly folded strands or circles of RNA
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Prions
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abnormal, less soluble forms of proteins necessary for the operation on neurons. Prions catalyze normal proteins into more prions. They coagulate as massive deposits inside the brain and cause fetal degernerative diseases.
eg. Mad cow disease, kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease |
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Biotechnology
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the use of microbes to produce food and chemicals
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genetic engineering
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-new biotechnology technique
-bacteria and fungi can produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes |
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gene therapy
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can replace missing or defective genes in human cells
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normal microbiota
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variety of microorganisms on and inside of our body
-prevent growth of pathogens -produce growth factors such as folic acid and vitamin K |
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Emerging Infectious Diseases
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West nile encephalitis
Mad cow disease Ebola hemorrhagic fever, marburg virus cryptosporidiosis AIDS Invasive group A Streptococcis Avian Influenza A Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |