Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Peniciliin G
(benzylpencillin) |
Source: natural
|
|
|
Penivillin V
|
Source: natural
Common uses: oral penicllin (acid stable) |
|
|
Methicillin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses:treatment of infections cause by penicllinase- producing staphylocci. |
|
|
Cloxacillin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses:treatment of infections cause by penicllinase- producing staphylocci. Can be given orally. |
|
|
Ampicillin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses:treatment of infections cause by penicllinase- producing staphylocci. |
|
|
Carbenicillin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses: used to treat pseudomonas infections |
|
|
Ticarcillin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses: used to treat pseudomonas infections |
|
|
Piperacilin
|
Source: semisynthetic
Common uses: used in treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections |
|
|
Chemotherapeutic agent
|
a chemical agent used to treat diseases
|
|
|
host
|
an organism that supports the growth of another organism
|
|
|
selective toxicity
|
the quality possessed by a substance that can damage or destroy a living organism in the presence of another organism that remains unaffected.
|
|
|
antibiotic resistance
|
a condition in which a microbe is unaffected by the presence of a compound used for antimicrobial therapy.
|
|
|
hypersensitivity
|
an immune response that causes an individual to overreact to the presence of an antigen, resulting in an allergic condition
|
|
|
antibiotic
|
antimicrobial agent that is the natrual product of living organisms
|
|
|
antimicrobial
|
capable of killing or stopping the growth of a microbe
|
|
|
competitive inhibitor
|
a compound that competes with a substrate for position at the active site on an enzyme, but that cannot be changed by the enzyme. These compound prevent normal essential enzyme funciton
|
|
|
active site
|
that portion of an enzyme where the substrate binds
|
|
|
parenteral
|
given into the body by injection or through a catheter
|
|
|
broad spectrum
|
effective against more than one kind of bacterium; usually suggesting antibacterial activity against both grams-positive and gram-negative bacteria
|
|
|
combination therapy
|
treatment with more than one antibiotic at a time
|
|
|
prophylaxis
|
use of an antimicrbial to prevent infection from occuring
|
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
microbial infeciton of bone
|
|
|
endocarditis
|
infection of the tissues lining the inside of the heart or valves in the heart
|
|
|
topical
|
applied locally such as to the sruface of the skin.
|
|
|
systemic
|
referring to a body wide infection
|
|
|
mycotic
|
referring to a fungal infection or disease
|
|
|
Mode of action of Penicillins
|
Representative: Ampicillin
Action: inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis; activates autolytic enzymes |
|
|
Mode of action of Cephalosporins
|
Representative:Cephalothin
Action:Inactivates peptidoglycan synthesis |
|
|
Mode of action of Chloramphenicol
|
Representative: Chloramphenicol
Action:Blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase |
|
|
Mode of action of Macrolides
|
Representative:Erythromycin
Action: inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation reaction |
|
|
Mode of action of Tetracyclin
|
Representative:Doxyclycline
Action:Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting aminoacyl-tRNA binding to 30S ribosomal subunit |
|
|
Mode of action of Glycopeptide
|
Representative:Vancomycin
Action:Blocks early cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Mode of action of Quinolones
|
Representative:Ciprofloxacin
Action:Inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme; prevents unfolding and refolding of DNA |
|
|
Mode of action of Polymyxins
|
Representative:Polymyxin B
Action: Prevents membrance transport functions |
|
|
Mode of action of Aminoglycosides
|
Representative:Amikacin
Action:Prevents proein synthesis by interfering with 30 S ribosome funciton |
|
|
Empirical therapy
|
Treatment given on the basis of experience and not as a result of susceptibility testing.
|
|
|
Immunity
|
All of the mechanisms used by the body as protection agains microorganisms and other foreign agents
|
|
|
Innate immunity
|
inborn or natural immunity; mechanisms of resistance to infection that are not acquired after birth
|
|
|
Virulence factor
|
a structural or physiological character that enables a microbe to cause infection and disease
|
|
|
Pathogenic
|
referring to the ability to cause disease
|
|
|
sebaceous gland
|
a skin structure that secretes oily substances
|
|
|
epithelium
|
a cellular layer covering internal and external body suraces that lacks blood vessels
|
|
|
mucus
|
a thick secretion produced by mucous cells that covers mucous membranes
|
|
|
seminal fluid
|
a secretory fluid that carries sperm
|
|
|
acute inflammatory response
|
immediate mechanisms by which host defenses wall off or destroy invading microbes and repair damaged tissue
|
|
|
macrophage
|
a white blood cell found in tissues that phagocytizes foreign material
|
|
|
amoeboid
|
referring to a crawling movement by certain celss
|
|
|
thymus
|
an endocrine gland located behind the breastbone near the throat
|
|
|
phagocytosis
|
a process by which cells ingest particulate matter from their enviornment
|
|
|
lymph
|
a fluid collected from tissues fo the body and transported in lymphatic ducts to the venous blood
|
|
|
inguinal
|
referring to the body region near the junction of trunk and thighs
|
|
|
axillary
|
referring to the armpit
|
|
|
sinusoid
|
a samll open cavity through which body fluids travel
|
|
|
megakaryocyte
|
giant multinucleated cell from which platelets arise
|
|
|
globulin
|
a group of proteins foud in human serum
|
|
|
electophoresis
|
a technique used to seperate proteins or nucleic acids using an elctrical field
|
|
|
Chemotaxis
|
movement of a cel toward a chemical influence
|
|
|
humoral immunity
|
defenses involving anitbodies that attack microbes in the body fluids
|
|
|
histamine
|
an important chemical mediator of both the inflammatory response and allergies
|
