Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Boils and pimples
|
walled off from body with fibrin so that they dont spread
produced by Staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
Impetigo
|
skin infection that mostly occurs in children. Can be caused by Staphy aureus or Strepto pyogenes
|
|
|
Scalded skin syndrome
|
produced by Staphy aureus. Caused by exfoliative toxin
|
|
|
What toxins and virulence factors does Staphy aureus produce?
|
hemolysins, superantigen enterotoxin A (food poisoning), coagulase, leukocidin, superantigen TSST (toxic shock syndrome)
|
|
|
What organism causes pneumonia and meningitis?
|
Staphy aureus
|
|
|
What can be used to treat staphy aureus?
|
penicillins
|
|
|
MRSA
|
methicillin- resistant staphy a. In environments with high levels of antibiotics like hospitals. Caused by horizontal gene transfer
|
|
|
Strep throat
|
aka pharyngitis. Caused by Strepto pyogenes. Diagnosed using blood agar
|
|
|
Scarlet fever
|
produced by Strepto pyogenes. Caused by exotoxin superantigen. Often follows pharyngitis. Causes pink rash and "strawberry tongue"
|
|
|
Rheumatic fever
|
produced by Strepto pyogenes. Autoimmune disease. React with host tissue- damages heart valves
|
|
|
What causes necrotizing fascilitis?
|
strepto pyogenes
|
|
|
Chicken pox
|
caused by a herpesvirus called Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
VZV can lay dormant in nerve cells for long periods of time |
|
|
What causes shingles
|
migration of VSV to the skin causes painful blisters
|
|
|
Measles/rubeola
|
caused by paramyxovirus
symptoms: fever, cough, rash |
|
|
Mumps
|
inflammation of salivary glands. Produces rash
|
|
|
Rubella/German measles
|
caused by togavirus
symptoms similar to regular measles but milder |
|
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
causes pneumonococcal pneumonia. Inflammatory reaction in the alveoli. Alveoli become filled with blood, bacteria, and phagocytic cells. Symptoms: chills, labored breathing, pleural chest pain
|
|
|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
childhood upper respiratory infection. produce exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis. Formation of pseudomembrane. Causes constriction of throat, suffocation.
|
|
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
childhood upper respiratory infection. Exotoxin causes tissue damage. Endotoxin causes cough. Violent cough. Pathogen binds to ciliated epithelial cells of bronchi and trachea.
|
|
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis test and treatment
|
Tuberculin test for hypersensitivity; acid-fast stain for active infection. Treatment with isoniazid and rifampin. Immunization with attenuated strain of M. bovis (BCG)
|
|
|
What are the most common cold viruses?
|
rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenovirus
|
|
|
what type of a immune response occurs when infected with a cold virus?
|
specific, local, neutralizing IgA immune response
|
|
|
What virus causes influenza?
|
orthomyxovirus
|
|
|
Why do you need a new flu shot each year?
|
antigenic shift. Genome divided into 8 pieces which can recombine when multiple strains infect same cell (changes in capsid protein)
|
|
|
antigenic drift
|
high mutation rates cause a gradual change in flu strains
|
|
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
secretes urease (converts urea--> to NH4+)
neutralizes stomach acid causes gastric ulcers and cancers |
|
|
What causes foodborne infections?
|
caused by organisms that are transmitted in food and grow/ reproduce in intestinal tract
|
|
|
what is the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea?
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of food poisioning?
|
staphy aureus
|
|
|
Rotavirus
|
dsRNA reovirus. highly infectious. Can cause lethal dehydration. Causes gastroenteritis
|
|
|
Urinary tract infections
|
gram neg. bacteria grow in urine. Cells adhere against urine system using pili
|
|
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
enters body through mucous membrane. In females- inflammation of vaginal mucous, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. Easily missed. Males- painful urethra infection, discharge
|
|
|
Treponema pallidum
|
syphilis
|
|
|
Primary stage of syphilis
|
initial site of infection = genitals
lesion called chancre forms chancre usually heals but bacteria spread |
|
|
secondary stage of syphilis
|
generalized rash
|
|
|
tertiary stage of syphilis
|
infections of skin, bone, CNS
cardiovascular effects, dementia, death most of last symptoms due to delayed hypersensitivities reactions |
|
|
Chlamydia trachomatis
|
most common STD
most dont have symptoms symptoms similar to gonorrhea can cause PID and fallopian tube damage |
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
caused by protozoan
can survive up to 24 hours in urine or semen no symptoms in males women- vaginal discharge, inflammation of vaginal mucous, painful urination |
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
causes genital warts, cervical cancer
|
|
|
Herpes simplex virus type 1
|
cold sores/ fever blisters
latent infection; virus persists in nerve tissue |
|
|
Herpes simplex virus type 2
|
painful blisters in genital region
spread by contact with blisters correlation between gential herpes and cervical cancer no cure |
|
|
HIV
|
retrovirus that causes AIDS
destroys immune system by infecting macrophages and CD4+ T cells |
|
|
First stage of HIV
|
AIDS related complex
fever, headache, rash |
|
|
Second stage of HIV
|
AIDS
depletion of T cells opportunistic infections |
|
|
Third stage of HIV
|
AIDS-related dementia
|
|
|
Fourth stage of HIV
|
rare cancers
Kaposi's sarcoma via herpes virus type 8 infection |
|
|
West nile virus
|
transmitted by mosquito from birds to humans
rare cases can cause encephalitis or meningitis no treatment |
|
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
bacterial meningococcal meningitis- inflammation of meninges (membranes that line CNS)
occur in epidemics in closed populations vaccination made of polysaccharides from most prevalent strains |
|
|
C. botulinum
|
botox
anaerobe grows in canned foods toxin blocks release of acetylcholine- prevents muscle movement |
|
|
C. tetani
|
anaerobe, grows in canned foods
blood flow interrupted tissue becomes anaerobic toxin blocks release of inhibitory transmitter glycine- muscles contract uncontrollably |
|
|
Rabies
|
caused by Rhabdovirus
transmitted by infected saliva infects cells of CNS treatment with immunoglobulin |
|
|
Malaria
|
caused by protozoan Plasmodium which is spread by mosquitos
infects liver and RBCs treatment with chloroquine; organisms are developing resistance vaccine expensive and short lived |
|
|
Black plague
|
caused by Yersinia pestis
transmitted by fleas from rats to humans death occurs within 5 days if untreated |
|
|
bubonic plague
|
lymph node swelling
|
|
|
pneumonic plague
|
inhaled, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, death within 2 days
|
|
|
septicemic plague
|
rapid spread through bloodstream, death before diagnosis
|
|
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
lyme disease, transmitted deer tick bites
no vaccine for humans |
|
|
Salmonella typhi
|
typhoid fever- contaminated food or water
|
|
|
Francisella tularensis
|
tularemia
rabbit fever transmitted from rodents or rabbits by ticks and flies to humans |
|
|
Rickettsia prowazekii
|
epidemic typhus
transmitted by head louse fecal matter |
|
|
Rocky mountain spotted fever
|
transmitted by dog and wood ticks fecal matter
|
|
|
HAV- hepatitis A
|
blood borne virus
food and water disease resolves |
|
|
HBV- hepatitis B
|
blood borne virus
body fluids |
|
|
HCV- hepatitis C
|
blood borne virus
|
|
|
Hepatitis symptoms
|
fever and jaundice due to destruction of liver cells by bilirubin, liver inflammation, destruction of cells in acute infections (cirrhosis), liver cancer
|
