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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are some first lines of defense?
Chemical: lysosomes, low pH, digestive enzymes
Physical: skin, tears, coughing, sneezing
Genetic: inherent gene makeup
List some second lines of defense
Phagocytosis
Inflammation
Fever
Interferon
List the third lines of defense
T and B cells, antibodies
What is the main distinguishing difference between the 3 lines of defense?
1st and 2nd are innate and nonspecific, while the 3rd isnacquired and specific.
What are the four body compartments involved in immunty?
1. Reticuloendothelial system
2. Spaces containing extracellular fluids
3. Bloodstream
4. Lymph system
What are eosinophils functions?
Involved in allergic responses and inflammation, important targets include helminths and fungi
What are stem cells?
The primary precursor to new blood cells--they are undifferentiated
Leukocytes can be further broken down into what groups?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
What cells are included in the Agranulocytes?
Monocytes (macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphocytes (T and B CEO sand NK cells)
What cells are included in Granulocytes?
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells
What percentage do each of the following take up in the blood?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils: 55-90%
Eosinophils: 1-3%
Basophils: 0.5%
Monocytes: 3-7%
Lymphocytes: 20-35%
Macrophages are versatile, explain 3 actions they are responsible for.
1. Specific and non specific kiling and phagocytic functions
2. Processing foreign molecules and printing them to lymphocytes
3. Secretions that assist, mediate, attract, and inhibit immune cells and reaction.
What are eosinophils primary action?
First on site to inflammation, phagocytosis of large pathogenic molecules
Explain the job of neutrophils.
General phagocytosis
What are basophils responsible for?
Recruitment of other leukocytes to sites of infection
Mast cells (motile/nonmotile) and are responsible for what?
Nonmotile, First line defenders in local invasion in pathogens, recruiting other inflammatory cells, directly responsible for the release of histamine and other allergic stimulants during immediate allergies.
What is the distinguishing factor of monocytes?
They leave circulation nd mature into macrophages which are the largest phagocytic cells and are required for bothbspecific and non specific immune responses.
What do T cells do?
They assist B cells, mature in the thymus gland.
Where do B cells mature?
Yellow bone marrow
Where do dendritic cells move to after leaving the blood?
RES and lymph system
Where do erythrocytes develop?
Stem cells in the bone marrow (aka red blood cells)
In regard to lymphoid organs, what are the primary organs? Secondary?
Primary: thymus gland and bone marrow
Secondary: lymph, spleen, MALT, SALT, GALT. (mucose, skin, and gut associated lymphoid tissue)
What is the name of the syndrome that occurs when a child is born without a thymus?
DiGeorge syndrome
Do we need a thymus? Why?
T cells mature here, people without a thymus are securely immunodeficient.
What is the spleen responsible for?
Filtering blood, removing worn out red blood cells, immunogically the spleen functions to filter pathogens from the blood
What are some examples of GALT? What do components of GALT do?
Appendix, Peyers patches, lymphocytes in the ileum of the small intestine. GALT provides immune function against intestinal pathogens
What is MALT important for?
Local, rapid response ton the constant influx of microbes entering the GI, respiratory, urinary and other portals of entry.