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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotics
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A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.
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Broad spectrum
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A word to denote drugs that affect many different types of bacteria, both grampositive and gram-negative.
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Narrow spectrum
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Deotes drugs that are selective and limited in their effects. For example, they iinhibit either gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria, but not both.
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Selectively toxic
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Property of an antimicrobic agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to other cells, particularly those of the host organism.
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Prophylactic
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Any device, method, or substance used to prevent disease.
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Penicillins
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A large group of naturally occurring and synthetic antibiotics produced by Penicillium mold and active against the cell wall of bacteria
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Beta-lactamase
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An enzyme secreted by certain bacteria that cleaves the beta-lactam ring of penicilin and cephalosporin and thus provides for resistance against the antibiotic. See penicillinase.
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Cephalosporins
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A group of broad-spectrumk antibiotics isolated from the fungus Cephalosporium
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Polymyxin
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A mixture of antibiotic polypeptides from Bacillus polymyxa that are particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria
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Aminoglycosides
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A complex group of drugs derived from soil actinomycetes that impairs ribosome function and has antibiotic potential. Example: streptomycin
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Tetracyclines
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A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics with a complex 4-ring structure.
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Sulfonamides
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Antimicrobial drugs that interfere with the essential metabolic process of bacteria and some fungi. Also known as sulfa drugs.
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Metabolic analogs
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Enzyme that mimics the natural substrate of an enzyme and vies for its active site.
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Competitively inhibiting
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Contorl process that relies on the ability of metabolic analogs to control microbial growth by successfully competing with a necessary enzyme to halt the growth of bacterial cells.
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Azoles
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Five-membered heterocyclic compounds typical of histidine, which are used in antifungal therapy.
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Acyclovir
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A synthetic purine analog that blocks DNA synthesis in certain viruses, particularly the herpes simplex viruses.
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Resistance factors
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Plasmids, typically shared among bacteria by conjugation, that provide resistance to the effects of antibiotics.
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Acyclovir
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A synthetic purine analog that blocks DNA synthesis in certain viruses, particularly the herpes simplex viruses.
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Probiotic
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A microbe or mixture of microbes that may be used to balance the normal flora and prevent infections.
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Resistance factors
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Plasmids, typically shared among bacteria by conjugation, that provide resistance to the effects of antibiotics.
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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The smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth.
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Probiotic
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A microbe or mixture of microbes that may be used to balance the normal flora and prevent infections.
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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The smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth.
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