Microbiology Ch. 10

Front 1

Of what value is taxonomy and systematics?

Back 1

Organisms are placed into categories to show degrees of similarities, which facilitates research, scholarship, and communication.
This study of the evolutionary history of organisms reflects evolutionary relationships in the hierarchy of taxa.

Front 2

Why shouldn’t bacteria be placed in the plant kingdom?

Back 2

Plants have eukaryotic cells v. prokaryotic, lacks rRNA loop v. present in bacteria.

Front 3

What evidence supports classifying organisms into three domains?

Back 3

The discovery of 3 cell types: Bacteria, Archaea (Prokaryotes), Eukarya (Eukaryote).

Front 4

Compare Archaea and Bacteria

Back 4

Same: Cell Type
Different: Wall, Membrane, Amino Acid, Antibiotic Sensitivity, rRNA Loop, tRNA Arm.

Front 5

Compare Bacteria and Eukarya

Back 5

Same: Membrane, tRNA Arm
Different: Cell Type, Wall, Amino Acid, Antibiotic Sensitivity, rRNA Loop

Front 6

Compare Archaea and Eukarya

Back 6

Same: rRNA Loop, Amino Acid, Antibiotic Sensitivity,
Different: Cell Type, Wall, Membrane, tRNA Arm.

Front 7

Using Escherichia coli and Entamoeba coli as examples, explain why the genus name must always be written out for the first use. Why is binomial nomenclature preferable to the use of common names?

Back 7

Common names can be misleading and are in different languages

Front 8

Find the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus in Appendix F. To which bacteria is this genus most closely related: Gemella or Streptococcus?

Back 8

Bacilli (Gemella?)

Front 9

Use the terms species, culture, clone, and strain in one sentence to describe growing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Back 9

Pure cultures of the MRSA strain of the staphylococcus aureus species are continuing to produce clones.

Front 10

Assume you discovered a new organism: it is multicellular, is nucleated, is heterotrophic, and has cell walls. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 10

Plantae

Front 11

Protist

Back 11

Simple eukaryotic, unicellular organism

Front 12

Why wouldn’t the definition of a viral species work for a bacterial species?

Back 12

Viral: a population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupy a particular ecological niche.
Viruses are not composed of cells, they use anabolic machinery

Front 13

Bergey’s Manual

Back 13

Provides phylogenetic and identification information on bacteria and archaea

Front 14

Describe how staining and biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria.

Back 14

Morphological characteristics: Useful for identifying eukaryotes
Differential staining: Gram staining, acid-fast staining
Biochemical tests: Determines presence of bacterial enzymes

Front 15

Design a rapid test for a Staphylococcus aureus.

Back 15

Ferment's mannitol- turns mannitol salt agar yellow b/c acidic.

Front 16

Western Blot

Back 16

Proteins separated by electrophoresis can be detected by their reactions with antibodies
(Southern= DNA separation)

Front 17

Phage typing

Back 17

Identifies which phages a bacterium is susceptible to. Traces origin and course of disease outbreak.

Front 18

Polymerase Chain Reaction PRC

Back 18

A technique using DNA polymerase to make multiple copies of a DNA template in vitro. Able to culture bacteria to identify it.

Front 19

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Back 19

The process of combining single complementary strands of DNA, making it possible to determine the extent of similarity between the base sequences of two organisms.

Front 20

Cladogram

Back 20

For classification; shows percentage of similarity between nucleotides.