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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cardiovascular System Consists of:
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heart, blood, and blood vessels
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Jobs of the Cardiovascular system
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Supply oxygen and nutrients to body
Remove CO2 and wastes Distribute hormones Regulate blood pH |
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The heat consists of:
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2 ventricles and 2 atria with valves to control flow
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The three components of the heart wall are
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Internal endocardium
Intermediate myocardium External Epicardium |
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Normal Microflora of the Cardiovascular system
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None
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Septicemia
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aka transient bacteremia caused by bacteria often entering bloodstream though wound/surgical incision
Causes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Baceroides fragilis, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterbacterm and Serratia Can cause septic shock Dx: blood culture or from catheter tips/urine Treatment: high dose antibiotics/ difficult to treat |
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Septic shock
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dramatic drop in blood pressure, lymphangitis, and inflamed lymph nodes
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Lymphangitis
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red streaks caused by inflamed lymph nodes
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Peurperal fever
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Cause: Group A B-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (normal microflora in resp./vaginal that enter blood through irritated area)
Symptoms: chills, fever, pelvic distension, bloody discharge Treatable with PCN but recovery is slow |
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Group B Streptococcal Disease
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leading cause of neonatal sepsis with high mortality rate
Premature rupture of membranes poses risk for newborns Dx: 3rd trimester testing Vaccine under development |
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Rheumatic Fever
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Cause: B-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes
Affects ages 5-15 about 2-3 weeks after strep symptoms clear Symptoms: fever, arthritis, rash, mitral valve damage Dx: serological tests/ previous strep infection history Treatment: prompt treatment before antibodies react No vaccine |
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Bacterial Endocarditis
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Life threatening inflammation of heart lining and valves in adults >45 with history of CV disease
Cause: pathogens normally found in mouth/throat Bacteria adhere to fibrin interfering with heart valve function resulting in CHF Dx: blood cultures Treatment: PCN |
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Myocarditis
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Inflammation of hear muscles
Causes: viral coxsackievirus or staphylococcus aureus |
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Pericarditis
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Inflammation of heart membranes caused by infection
Causes: viral coxsackievirus or staphylococcus aureus |
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Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis have been associated with
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chlamydia infections
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Schistosomiasis
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Cause: cercaria from snails penetrate skin and migrate to lungs, liver, and intestine
Dx: eggs in feces or urine after intradermal injection of antigen Treatment: praziquantal |
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Filariasis
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Cause: roundworms such as Wucheria bancrofti from mosquito vectors
Repeated infections may result in elaphantiasis Dx: finding microfilariae on thick blood smears in PM Treatment: diethylcarbmizine and metronidazole |
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Anthrax
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Cause: consumption of cattle/sheep's skin infected with Bacillus anthracis
Occurs in cutaneos, respiratory, or intestinal forms Dx: blood culture from cutaneous lesions Treatment: PCN/ tetracycline Treatment: effective for some forms |
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Plague
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Spread through contact or fleas of infected rodents
Cause: Yersinia pestis Symptoms: swollen lymph (buboes) nodes/hemorrhaged skin Dx: flourescent antibody test of sputum or fluid extracted from lympth nodes Treatment: streptomycin, tetracycline, or both |
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Buboes
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swollen lymph nodes, black
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Tularemia
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Zoonotic illness which enters breaks in skin
Associated with skinning/taxidermy of over 100 mammals Cause: Francisella tularensis from ticks Symptoms: ulcers at entry point progress to septicemia/ typhoid like symptoms Dx: agglutination test Treatment: streptomycin |
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Brucellosis
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Zoonotic disease through contaminated dairy/aerosols
Spread from water buffalo to cattle herds Cause: Brucella Symptoms: bacteremia resulting in granulomas Treatment: long term antibiotic therapy/ tetracycline |
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Lyme's Disease
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Cause: Borrelia burgdorferi blackleg deer tick
Symptoms: flu-like symptoms, bulls eye rash, and arthritis Can result in Alzheimers or MS Dx: antibody test Treatment: early antibiotic intervention (doxycycline or PCN) |
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Typhus Fever
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Aka Typhoid
Overcrowded; unsanitary conditions through body lice fecal vector Cause: highly infective gram-negative coccobacilli; rickettsias Symptoms: itching, which spreads inoculation |
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Brill-Zinsser Disease
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Reactivation of Typhoid from harbored disease in lymph nodes
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Yellow Fever
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Cause: flavivirus with vector of Aedes aegypti mosquito (same as Dengue)
Symptoms: n/v, jaundice from liver damage, kidney failure, hemorrhagic fever Vaccine now available |
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Mononucleosis
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Cause: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a herpes virus
Enter oropharynx and infects lymphocytes Symptoms: swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen |
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Epstein Barr Virus
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Occurs six years after infection
Common in Africa |
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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tumor of jaw and viscera (liver and spleen)
Caused by EBV |
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Malaria
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Endemic vector disease common in tropical areas
Cause: ameboid plasmodium carried by mosquito Treatment: Chloroquine |
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Toxoplasmosis
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Warm blooded animal disease which migrates to humans through cat feces/scratches
Cause: toxoplasma gondii found in cats from rodents Symptoms: can cause mind altering behaviors |
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Blood consists of
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plasma (water and electrolytes)
formed elements |
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The lymphatic system consists of
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network of vessels, nodes, and tissues filled with lymph
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Functions of the lymphatic system
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Collect excess fluid from space between cells
Transporting digested fats in CV system Provide nonspecific defense mechanisms |
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Ulcerglandular
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ulcers on the skin and enlarged lymph nodes in Tularemia
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Typhoidal Tularemia
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Septicemia that resembles typhoid fever
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Rickettsiae/ Rickettsias
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small, nonmotile, Gram-negative organisms
obligate intracellular parasites of mammalian and anthropods cells |