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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cardiovascular System Consists of:
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Jobs of the Cardiovascular system
Supply oxygen and nutrients to body

Remove CO2 and wastes

Distribute hormones

Regulate blood pH
The heat consists of:
2 ventricles and 2 atria with valves to control flow
The three components of the heart wall are
Internal endocardium

Intermediate myocardium

External Epicardium
Normal Microflora of the Cardiovascular system
None
Septicemia
aka transient bacteremia caused by bacteria often entering bloodstream though wound/surgical incision

Causes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Baceroides fragilis, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterbacterm and Serratia

Can cause septic shock

Dx: blood culture or from catheter tips/urine

Treatment: high dose antibiotics/ difficult to treat
Septic shock
dramatic drop in blood pressure, lymphangitis, and inflamed lymph nodes
Lymphangitis
red streaks caused by inflamed lymph nodes
Peurperal fever
Cause: Group A B-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (normal microflora in resp./vaginal that enter blood through irritated area)

Symptoms: chills, fever, pelvic distension, bloody discharge

Treatable with PCN but recovery is slow
Group B Streptococcal Disease
leading cause of neonatal sepsis with high mortality rate

Premature rupture of membranes poses risk for newborns

Dx: 3rd trimester testing

Vaccine under development
Rheumatic Fever
Cause: B-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes

Affects ages 5-15 about 2-3 weeks after strep symptoms clear

Symptoms: fever, arthritis, rash, mitral valve damage

Dx: serological tests/ previous strep infection history

Treatment: prompt treatment before antibodies react

No vaccine
Bacterial Endocarditis
Life threatening inflammation of heart lining and valves in adults >45 with history of CV disease

Cause: pathogens normally found in mouth/throat

Bacteria adhere to fibrin interfering with heart valve function resulting in CHF

Dx: blood cultures

Treatment: PCN
Myocarditis
Inflammation of hear muscles

Causes: viral coxsackievirus or staphylococcus aureus
Pericarditis
Inflammation of heart membranes caused by infection

Causes: viral coxsackievirus or staphylococcus aureus
Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis have been associated with
chlamydia infections
Schistosomiasis
Cause: cercaria from snails penetrate skin and migrate to lungs, liver, and intestine

Dx: eggs in feces or urine after intradermal injection of antigen

Treatment: praziquantal
Filariasis
Cause: roundworms such as Wucheria bancrofti from mosquito vectors

Repeated infections may result in elaphantiasis

Dx: finding microfilariae on thick blood smears in PM

Treatment: diethylcarbmizine and metronidazole
Anthrax
Cause: consumption of cattle/sheep's skin infected with Bacillus anthracis

Occurs in cutaneos, respiratory, or intestinal forms

Dx: blood culture from cutaneous lesions

Treatment: PCN/ tetracycline

Treatment: effective for some forms
Plague
Spread through contact or fleas of infected rodents

Cause: Yersinia pestis

Symptoms: swollen lymph (buboes) nodes/hemorrhaged skin

Dx: flourescent antibody test of sputum or fluid extracted from lympth nodes

Treatment: streptomycin, tetracycline, or both
Buboes
swollen lymph nodes, black
Tularemia
Zoonotic illness which enters breaks in skin

Associated with skinning/taxidermy of over 100 mammals

Cause: Francisella tularensis from ticks

Symptoms: ulcers at entry point progress to septicemia/ typhoid like symptoms

Dx: agglutination test

Treatment: streptomycin
Brucellosis
Zoonotic disease through contaminated dairy/aerosols

Spread from water buffalo to cattle herds

Cause: Brucella

Symptoms: bacteremia resulting in granulomas

Treatment: long term antibiotic therapy/ tetracycline
Lyme's Disease
Cause: Borrelia burgdorferi blackleg deer tick

Symptoms: flu-like symptoms, bulls eye rash, and arthritis

Can result in Alzheimers or MS

Dx: antibody test

Treatment: early antibiotic intervention (doxycycline or PCN)
Typhus Fever
Aka Typhoid

Overcrowded; unsanitary conditions through body lice fecal vector

Cause: highly infective gram-negative coccobacilli; rickettsias

Symptoms: itching, which spreads inoculation
Brill-Zinsser Disease
Reactivation of Typhoid from harbored disease in lymph nodes
Yellow Fever
Cause: flavivirus with vector of Aedes aegypti mosquito (same as Dengue)

Symptoms: n/v, jaundice from liver damage, kidney failure, hemorrhagic fever

Vaccine now available
Mononucleosis
Cause: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a herpes virus

Enter oropharynx and infects lymphocytes

Symptoms: swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen
Epstein Barr Virus
Occurs six years after infection

Common in Africa
Burkitt's lymphoma
tumor of jaw and viscera (liver and spleen)

Caused by EBV
Malaria
Endemic vector disease common in tropical areas

Cause: ameboid plasmodium carried by mosquito

Treatment: Chloroquine
Toxoplasmosis
Warm blooded animal disease which migrates to humans through cat feces/scratches

Cause: toxoplasma gondii found in cats from rodents

Symptoms: can cause mind altering behaviors
Blood consists of
plasma (water and electrolytes)

formed elements
The lymphatic system consists of
network of vessels, nodes, and tissues filled with lymph
Functions of the lymphatic system
Collect excess fluid from space between cells

Transporting digested fats in CV system

Provide nonspecific defense mechanisms
Ulcerglandular
ulcers on the skin and enlarged lymph nodes in Tularemia
Typhoidal Tularemia
Septicemia that resembles typhoid fever
Rickettsiae/ Rickettsias
small, nonmotile, Gram-negative organisms

obligate intracellular parasites of mammalian and anthropods cells