Microbiology Block 7, Anaerobic Bacteria

Front 1

Bacterioides fragilis located in:

Back 1

colon

Front 2

Actinomyces israelii located in:

Back 2

oropharynx to lower bowel

Front 3

Clostridium species located in:

Back 3

colon

Front 4

propionibacterium acnes found in:

Back 4

sebaceous gland ducts and hair follicles (associated w/ acne)

Front 5

prevotella and porphyromonas found in:

Back 5

female genital tract
oropharynx - upper resp. passages

Front 6

these organisms arre associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases

Back 6

porphyromonas gingivalis (dental plaque)
Chlamydia pneumonaiae

Front 7

bacteria that produces vit. K needed in humans

Back 7

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 8

bact. associated with root canal infections (endodontic lesions) and gum (periodontal) diseases

Back 8

Porphyromonas and Prevotella often involved, plus spirochetes (Treponema species) and Fusobacterium species

Front 9

two anerobic bact. that have catalase and SOD (most do not have either catalase or superoxide dismutase)

Back 9

Bacteroides fragilis
propionbacterium acnes

Front 10

_________ members spread to bloodstream more often than any other anaerobe.

Back 10

B. fragilis gp.

Front 11

Drugs used to treat B. fragilis

Back 11

metronida¬zole (first choice), clindamycin and second-generation cephalosporins (as cefoxitin), but not penicillins

Front 12

Many anaerobes are sensitive to: (drugs)

Back 12

penicillin and cefoxitin (second generation cephalosporin) which is not inactivated by B-lactamases produced by many anaerobes

! B. fragilis is resistant to penicillin

Front 13

treatment for intra-abdominal, pelvic, or other serious anaerobic infections:

Back 13

first choice is metronidazole, often together with cefoxitin, plus an aminoglycoside. Clindamycin can also be used especially for infections above diaphragm. The aminoglycoside is for facultative aerobes as Gm. Neg. enteric bacteria. Oral infections can be treated with penicillin.

Front 14

can actinomyces israelii be transmitted by humans?

Back 14

NO; infections are endogenous

Front 15

are Nocardiosis aerobic or anaerobic

Back 15

aerobic (gm. pos. )

Front 16

When is DTaP vaccine given?

Back 16

beginning 2, 4, 6 and 18 months of age and at 4-6 years (5 doses) and at 11-12 years, and in adults every 10 years thereafter

Front 17

Gas Gangrene is also called

Back 17

clostridial myonecrosis is also called

Front 18

Anaerobic (Clostridial) Cellulitis is important in _____ patients

Back 18

diabetic

Front 19

Clostridium perfringens causes what 4 diseases?

Back 19

gas gangrene
anerobic (Clostridial) Cellulitis
fasciitis
clostridial endometritis

Front 20

% fatality of C. perfringens even if treated:

Back 20

40%

Front 21

alpha toxin is produced by ___

Back 21

Clostridium perfringens

a lecithinase/phospholipase C, lyses cell membranes especially muscle bundles (also endothelial and WBCs and RBCs).

Front 22

Clostridium perfringens is treated with

Back 22

penicillin G

Front 23

Clostridium difficile causes (disease)

Back 23

antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) aka pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)

(is caused by)

Front 24

tetanospasmin (A chain subunit) reaches nerves in ____ and _____, causes presynaptic blockage of release of ________

Back 24

brain stem
spinal cord
inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine)

Front 25

Botulinium toxin binds irreversiby to _________ neurons, blocks release of _______

Back 25

presynaptic, cholinergic (peripheral) neurons

Front 26

Are Actinomyces anaerobic or aerobic?

Back 26

anerobic

Front 27

Actinomyces: endogenously acquired / exogenously acquire?

Back 27

endogenously acquired

Front 28

Exogenously acquired anaerobic infections generally involve what genus that forms spores?

Back 28

ClostridiumGm. pos. rods, form resistant endospores

Front 29

best way to kill Clostridium spp. of bacteria

Back 29

autoclaving

Front 30

Bacillus: aerobic / anerobic?

Back 30

aerobic

Front 31

Two Gm.pos. ANAEROBIC non-sporeforming bacilli

Back 31

ACTINOMYCES ISRAELII
PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

Front 32

5 Gm. neg. ANAEROBIC non-sporeforming bacilli

Back 32

Bacteroides fragilis
fusobacterium
prevotella melaninogenica
bacteroides
porphyromonas

Front 33

Non-sporeforming cocci, Gm. pos.

Back 33

Peptostreptococcus

Front 34

First choice treatment for B. fragilis

Back 34

metronidazolie (clindamycin and cefoxitin second choices)

Front 35

most commonly isolated anaerobes from all clinical specimens in humans and the most antibiotic resistant

Back 35

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 36

Bacteriodes fragilis: endogenously / exogenously acquired?

Back 36

endogenously acquired

Front 37

What controls a patient's ability to cope with an infection involving anaerobes

Back 37

It's both a humoral and cellular response, involving IgM, PMNs, complement and T-cell factors. The capsule of B. fragilis lets it evade the host response. See handout for details. It also has a little SOD and catalase to better survive in air.

Front 38

List 9 clinical clues which suggest an anaerobic infection is present.

Back 38

1.4 body sites: upper respiratory, GI, female genital tract, skin

2. smell
3. tissue necrosis
4. gas production (crepitant)
5. mixed flora
6. presence of thrombophlebitis (hheparin destroyed by heparinase in aneaerobes)
oral infections

Front 39

Clostridium: Gm. pos. / Gm. neg.?

Back 39

Gm. pos.

Front 40

Two endogenous infections:

Back 40

Actinomycosis (Actinonyces)
Nocardiosis (Nocardosis)

Front 41

Exogenous infections:

Back 41

tetanous
, cellulitis, GI infections

Front 42

Clostridium Tentani: disease?

Back 42

Tetanus

Front 43

Clostridium perfringens: diseases?

Back 43

gas gangrene (myonecrosis), cellulitis, fascitis, endometritis
non-fatal food poisoning

Front 44

Clostridium difficile: disease?

Back 44

pseudomembranous colitis