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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes up the integument?
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Hair
Nails Sweat Skin Oil glands |
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What are the layers of the skin
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous layer |
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What makes up the Epidermis layer
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Stratum corneum
3 more layers under stratum corneum Lowest layer - stratum basale |
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What is contained in the stratum corneum later?
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Protein keratin
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What is the function of keratin?
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Protects cells from damage, abrasion and water penetration
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What is contained in the stratum basale?
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Contains the source of all cells for the epidermis
Also attaches to underlyiing dermis |
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What is the dermis composed of?
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CT instead of epithelium
Hair follicles Sebaceous glands |
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What do sebaceous glands serve as?
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Reservoirs for bacteria
(normal flora) |
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What's contained in the subcutaneous layer?
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Blood vessels and muscle layer
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What are the 5 defenses of the skin
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Keratinized surface
Low pH of sebum and breakdown (by bacteria) products from sebum High salt in sweat Lysozyme in sewat Antimicrobial peptides |
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Number of normal biota of the skin depend on.....
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Amount of moisture
More bacteria in moist areas Few gram-negatives because of relatively dry conditions |
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What are the predominant types of gram-positive bacteria that are normal biota of the skin?
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-Staphylococcus epidermidis
-Micrococcus spp. -Diphtheroids -Propionibacterium acnes -Corynebacterium spp. -Staphylococcus aureus |
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Another type of normal biota
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yeasts
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Skin diseases caused by bacteria
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-Acne
-Impetigo -Folliculitis -Furuncle/carbuncle -Erysipelas -Cellulitis -Necrotizing fasciitis -Gas gangrene -Surgical wounds -Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome -Scarlet fever -Human bite wounds -Animal bite wounds -Leprosy |
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What is the pathogenesis of acne
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Abnormal follicular keratinization and occlusion
Excessive oil/sebum production Bacterial superinfection Release of inflammatory mediators |
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What are the clinical characteristics of acne
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Development of multiple follicular lesions with periods of clinical improvement and exacerbation
Lesions can appear as any combination of open and closed comedones Inflammatory papules, pustules, etc. Excessive oiliness of skin, post-inflammatory hyper/hyp-pigmentation atrophic/hypertrophic scars Excoriatoins |
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What is the epidemiology of acne?
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Peak prevalence is 17y/o
may start as early as 8 y/o and as late as 30-40 y/o Normal flora Male hormones |
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What is the diagnosis for acne
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Clinical based on lesions in characteristic locations
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What is the prevention and treatment of acne
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Topical sloughing agents
Antibiotics Oral contraceptives for females Accutane |
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What are the primary etiologic agent of acne?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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