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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
virulence factor of staph aureus - binds Fc-IgG, inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
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protein A
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superantigen that binds to MHC II and TCR, resulting in polyclonal T cell activation
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TSST - (staph aureus)
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what makes coagulase?
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staph aureus
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antibody to what enhances host defenses against strep pyogenes?
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M protein
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group A beta-hemolytic strep?
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strep pyogenes
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what detects recent strep pyogenes infections?
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ASO titer
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associated with rusty sputum, sepsis in sickle cell, and splenectomy?
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strep pneumo
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most common cause of meningitis, otitis, pneumonia, sinusitis?
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strep pneumo
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what gives immunity to strep pneumo?
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IgG antibodies to surface acidic polysaccharide
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causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis mainly in babies
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group B strep (agalactiae) - beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
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what is Lancefield grouping based on?
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differences in the C carbohydrate on the bacterial cell wall
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what can grow in 6.5% NaCl
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enterococci
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enterococci can cause what?
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UTI, subacute endocarditis, biliary tract infections
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bacteria related to colon cancer?
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strep bovis
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type of strep viridans that can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis?
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strep sanguis
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what does C. perfringens produce?
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alpha toxin
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gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules?
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corynebacterium diphtheriae
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woolsorter's disease?
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bacillus anthracis
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inhalation of anthrax spores?
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flulike symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, and shock
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gram-positive anaerobe that causes oral/facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracks in skin
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actinomyces
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gram positive, weakly-acid fast aerobe that causes pulmonary infection in immunocomprimised patients
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nocardia asteroides
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sulfur granules
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actinomyces
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gram-positive rods forming long branching filaments resembling fungi
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actinomyces & nocardia
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most invasive disease of H. flu is caused by what capsular type?
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B
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treatment for H. flu meningitis?
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ceftriaxone
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treatment for neisseria gonorrhea?
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ceftriaxone - also z pack or doxycycline because 50% will also be infected with chlamydia
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why don't you want to culture if pt. has epiglottitis?
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manipulation cause laryngeal spasm
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members of enterobacter family (7)
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e. coli, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus
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what antigen is related to the virulence of enterobacter?
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K antigen
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all of these ferment glucose and are oxidase negative
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enterobacter
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these bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
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klebsiella, e. coli, enterobacter (KEE), citrobacter
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salmonella or shigella: motile and can disseminate hematogenously?
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salmonella
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salmonella or shigella: which is more virulent?
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shigella
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salmonella or shigella: symptoms may be prolonged with antibiotic treatments
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salmonella
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salmonella or shigella: animal reservoir
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salmonella
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this is usually transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk, or pork; outbreaks common in daycare centers
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yersinia enterocolitica
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this can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis & can disseminate to produce lymphadenitis
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yersinia enterocolitica
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arthritis can develop with yersinia infection in patients with what?
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HLA-B27
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vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus
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contaminated seafood
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reheated rice
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B. cereus
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meats, mayonase, custard
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s. aureus
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reheated meat dishes
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c. perfringens
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undercooked meat
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e. coli 0157:H7
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poultry, meat, eggs
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salmonella
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bloody diarrhea; comma or S-shaped organisms
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campylobacter
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is campylobacter motile?
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yes
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e. coli producing shiga-like toxin; can cause HUS
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enterohemorrhagic
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day-care outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis
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yersinia
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protazoan causing bloody diarrhea
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entamoeba histolytica
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protaozoa causing watery diarrhea
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giardia, cryptosporidium (in immunocompromised)
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treatment for legionella?
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erythromycin
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UTI - urine with alkaline pH
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proteus - very motile - able to break down urea
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pneumonia in CF
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pseudomonas
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wound and burn infections
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pseudomonas
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treatment for pseudomonas?
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amnoglycoside plus extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
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aerobic gram-negative rod; oxidase positive, non-lactose fermenting; pyocyanin pigment
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pseudomonas
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hot tub folliculitis
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pseudomonas
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pneumonia, sepsis, UTI, drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis
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pseudomonas
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cellulitis from animal bite, cats, dogs
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pasteurella
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dairy products, contact with animals
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brucella
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ghon complex
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TB granulomas (Ghon focus) with lobar and perihilar LN involvement; reflects primary infection or exposure
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mycobacterium scrofulaceum
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cervical lymphadenitis in kids
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mycobacterium kansasii
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pulmonary TB-like symptoms
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acid-fast bacillus that likes cold temperatures and cannot be grown in vitro
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mycobacterium leprae
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reservoir for m. leprae in U.S.?
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armadillos
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what does m. leprae infect?
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skin and superficial nerves
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treatment for leprosy?
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long-term oral dapsone - toxicity is hemolysis and methemoglobinemia
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which type of Hanson's diseaseiis worse?
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lepromatous worse than tuberculoid
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the chlamydial petidoglycan wall is unusual in that it lacks what?
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muramic acid
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treatment for chlamydia?
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erythromycin or tetracycline
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cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody-stained smear
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chlamydia
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infection of liver capsule with RUQ pain; associated with chlamydial or gonococcal infection
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
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how do the reticulate bodies of chlamydia replicate?
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binary fission
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types A, B, and C of chlamydia
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Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
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types D-K of chlamydia
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urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia or conjunctivitis
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types L1, L2, and L3 of chlamydia
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lymphogranuloma venereum (acute lymphadenitis - positive Frei test)
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treatment for neonate after passage through chlamydia-infected birth canal?
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erythromycin eye drops
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most common STD in U.S.?
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chlamydia
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only spirochete that can be visualized using analine dyes (Wright's or Giemsa stan) in light microscopy
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borrelia
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shepherd's crook-shaped spirochete
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leptospira
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Wal's disease
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fatal from of leptospira infection - jaundice, bleeding, renal failure, skeletal muscle necrosis
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treatment for Borrelia recurrentis?
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doxycycline, erythromycin
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treatment for Lyme disease?
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doxycycline
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what causes yaws?
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tremonema pertenue - tropical infection that is not an STD, although VDRL test is positive
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what are important reservoirs for ixodes? what is required for tick life cycle?
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mice; deer
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signs of tertiary syphilis?
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broad-based ataxia; positive Romberg; Charcot joints; stroke without hypertension
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congenital syphilis?
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saber shins, saddle nose, deafness
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primary syphilis?
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painless chancre
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secondary syphilis?
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disseminated isease with constitutional symptoms, maculopapular rash (palms and soles), condylomata lata
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VDRL positive, FTA positive?
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active infection
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VDRL positive, FTA negative?
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probably false positive
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VDRL negative, FTA positive?
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successfully treated
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VDRL false positives?
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Viruses (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs Rheumatic fever and rheumatic arthritis Lupus and leprosy |
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Weil-Felix reaction?
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classic test that uses cross-linking proteus antigens to confirm diagnosis of rickettsia
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strep associated with pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, TSS, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis?
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strep pyogenes (group A beta hemolytic)
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characteristics of rheumatic fever?
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subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis
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tumbling motility, menigitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk
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listeria monocytogenes
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virulence factor of staph aureus?
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protein A
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what does c. difficile produce?
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a cytotoxin, an exotoxin that kills enterocytes, causing pseudomembranous colitis
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what encodes the exotoxin of corynebacterium diphtheriae?
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beta-prophage
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gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules?
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corynebacterium diphtheriae
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vesicular papules covered y black eschar
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bacillus anthracis
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what part of gram-negative bugs inhibits entry of penicillin and vancomycin?
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the outer membrane layer
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this vaccine contains type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other protein
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h. flu
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flagellar antigen of enterobacter?
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H antigen
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somatic antigen of enterobacter?
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O antigen (polysaccharide of endotoxin)
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viruses causing watery diarrhea?
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rotavirus, adenovirus, norwalk virus
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pertussis toxin permanently disables what?
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Gi
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cholera toxin permanently activates what?
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Gs
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how does pertussis toxin promote lymphocytosis?
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by inhibiting chemokine receptors
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treatment of choice for most rickettsial infections?
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tetracycline
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classic triad of rickettsiae?
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headache, fever, rash (vasculitis)
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rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parasites and need what?
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CoA and NAD
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all rickettsiae except what are transmitted by an arthropod vector and cause headache, fever, and rash?
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coxiella
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why is coxiella an atypical rickettsia?
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because it is transmitted by aerosol and causes pneumonia
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what causes rocky mountain spotted fever? to where is it endemic?
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rickettsia rickettsii; endemic to east coast
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vector for rocky mountain spotted fever?
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tick; rickettsia rickettsii
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vector for endemic typhus?
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fleas; rickettsia typhi
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vector for epidemic typhus?
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human body louse; rickettsia prowazekii
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what causes Q fever?
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coxiella burnetii
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rickettsial disease with no rash, no vector, negative Wiel-Felix, and casative organism can survive outside for a long time
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coxiella burnetii
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what does the Weil-Felix reaction assay for?
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antirickettsial antibodies, which cross-react with proteus antigen
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what is the only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol?
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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growth on Eaton's agar?
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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