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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Removal of all microbial life
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Sterilization
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Removal of pathgogens
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Disinfection
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Removal of pathogens from living tissue
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Antisepsis
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Lower microbial counts on eating utensils
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Sanitization
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Kills microbes
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Biocide/Germicide
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Inhibiting, not killing microbes
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Bacteriostasis
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Name 3 Action of antimicrobial agents
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1. Alteraion of Cell walls and membranes
2. Damage to proteins and Nucleic Acids 3. Inhibiting metabolism |
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Name 3 that are more susceptible
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Enveloped viruses, Gram-positive bacteria, Non enveloped viruses
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Which 3 are the more resistant
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1. Bacterial Endospores
2. Mycobacteria 3. Cysts of protozoa |
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Name 2 methods of Microbial Control
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Physical and Chemical
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Name 5 Examples of physical microbial control
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1. Heat
2. Refrigeration and freezing 3. Filtration 4. Drying and Salts 5. Radiation |
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Name 6 Examples of Chemical microbial control
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1. Alcohol
2. Chlorine 3. Phenols 4. Iodine 5. QUATS 6. Hydrogen peroxide |
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Structural proteins and enzymes are damaged (denatured); water lost
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Heat
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Hot air; baking, direct flame, incineration
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Dry Heat
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How long does hot air take
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2 hours at 170 degrees Celcius
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Boiling; used for disinfection of food and water
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Moist Heat
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10 min at 100 degrees celcius
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Moist Heat
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sterilization process; kills all organisms and spores; widesly used in medical application
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Autoclaving
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What is the ideal temperature to kill endospores?
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15 psi @ 121 degree C for 20 mins
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Makes materials, milk and wine safe; milder process
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Pasteurization
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What is the time for pasteurization
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15 seconds at 72 degrees C
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membrane filters for cluids; hepa filters for air
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Filtration
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Ionizing radiation (x-rays and gamma rays) Highly penetrating and generate free radicals inside cells
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Radiation
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Removal of water inhibits metabolism
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Drying
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Pathogens lose water lnhibits metabolism (hypertonic)
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Salting
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Culture media: Growth of chemoautrotrophs and photoautotrophs
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Chemically defined media
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Culture Media: Growth of most chemoheterotrophic organisms.
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Complex
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-50 to -95 degrees C is the temperature for
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Deep freezing
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temperatures -54 to -72 degrees C is the temp fror
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freeze drying, aka Lyophilization
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What produce the disease symptoms
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Exotoxins
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Antibodies produced against exotoxins are called
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antitoxins
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LPS, the lipid A component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria
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Endotoxins
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What cause fever, by inducing the release of interleukin 1 and shock
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Endotoxins
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what allows bacteria to cross the blood brain barrier
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Endotoxins
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