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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

One of the earliest researchers to explore the use of chemicals to kill microbial pathogens was

Ehrlich

The arsenic compound that proved highly effective in treating syphilis was called

Salvarsan

The first example of an antimicrobial drug synthesized in the laboratory was

Salvarsan

Prontosil effectively acted on streptococci when the drug was split by enzymes to produce

sulfanilamide

The use of Salvarsan and Prontosil to treat microbial infections were early examples of

chemotherapy

Penicillin was discovered by

Fleming

The most effective form of penicillin is

G

One of the earliest antimicrobials isolated from a bacterium was

streptomycin

Which of the following groups of microorganisms produces antibiotics?

All choices are correct

An antibiotic made by microorganisms and modified by chemists is called

semi-synthetic

The antimicrobials produced by some molds and bacteria are generally called

antibiotics

The toxicity of a given drug is expressed as the

Therapeutic Index

A high therapeutic index is

less toxic to the patient

Drugs that are bacteriostatic

inhibit the growth of bacteria

Antimicrobials that kill microorganisms have the suffix

-cidal

Antimicrobials that inhibit the growth of microorganisms have the suffix

-static

Antibiotics that affect various strains of Gram-positive bacteria are called

broad spectrum

The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its

half-life

Antibiotics that are most likely to disrupt the normal flora are termed

broad spectrum

Drugs that are more effective when taken together are called

synergistic

If drugs are less effective when taken together than when each is taken separately, they are called

antagonistic

Antimicrobials may produce

All of the above

Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?

Mycoplasma

Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan?

All of the above

All members of the penicillin family have

beta-lactam rings

Penicillin-binding proteins

are enzymes AND are involved in cell wall synthesis

Beta-lactamases

break the beta-lactam ring

The major classes of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis are

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, AND macrolides

Inhibitors of protein synthesis typically key in on

ribosomes

Which is true of aminoglycosides?

They irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit AND they are bactericidal

Fluoroquinolones typically target

DNA gyrase

Sulfonamide and trimethoprim are both

examples of metabolic inhibitors AND folate inhibitors

Folic acid is ultimately used in the synthesis of

coenzymes

Sulfonamides are similar in structure to

PABA

Sulfonamides work as

competitive inhibitors

Trimethoprim and sulfonamides have a

synergistic effect

Mycolic acids are targeted by isoniazid in the treatment of

M. tuberculosis

The lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a microorganism is the

minimum inhibitory concentration

The minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of a specific antimicrobial drug that kills ______ of a specific type of bacteria.

99.9%

The diffusion bioassay

is similar in principal to the Kirby-Bauer test AND determines the concentration of antimicrobial in a fluid

Which test is used to determine the susceptibility of a microorganism to an antimicrobial?

Kirby-Bauer test

The zone size obtained in the Kirby-Bauer test is influenced by the drug's

All of the above

A commercial modification of the disk diffusion test is called the

E test

Bacteria may become antibiotic resistant due to

All of the above

Spontaneous development of resistance to a particular antimicrobial is difficult if the drug

binds to several sites on the target molecule AND targets several different molecules

The most common method of transfer of antimicrobial resistance is through the use of

R plasmids

Compliance problems are leading to a large increase in antibiotic resistant strains of

Mycobacterium

Antiviral drugs may target

uncoating, nucleic acid synthesis AND viral assembly

The target of most antifungal drugs is

ergosterol