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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 stages of disease
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1.Incubation- no symptoms
2.Prodromal- First vague symptoms 3.Acute- Recognizable, severe symptoms 4.Decline- Recognizable symptoms become less severe or less frequent 5.Convalescence- Symptoms gone, strength/stamina diminished |
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Acute Disease
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Rapid onset
Severe symptoms Crisis pt- peak of acute period Rapid recovery |
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Chronic Disease
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Delayed onset
Less severe symptoms No crisis pt Gradual transition b/w acute and decline Extensive recovery |
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Primary disease
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occur in previously healthy person
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Secondary disease
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"piggy back" another disease, due to immunocompromised host
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Sequele
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Same pathogen, effecting another area of the body later on.
-All sequele are secondary but not all secondary are sequele |
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Nosocomial Disease
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Disease acquired in health care setting
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MRSA
cMRSA VRSA |
Methicillin resistant staphaureus
Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus |
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Local infecton
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Pathogen remains at portal of entry
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Systemic infection
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Spread through system or entire body
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Septicemia
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systemic infection
-blood infection -Bacteremia -Viremia -Fungemia |
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Focal infection
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re-localization of widespread pathogen
interanl site of further spread |
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Penetration of tissues
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Flagella, in combination w/ enzymes, allows penetration through tissues
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Enzymes of Pathogens
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alter substrate
Coagulase (strepto)kinase Hyaluronidase Collagenase Leucocidin Hemolysins |
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Coagulase
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forms clots
localizing enzyme -usually local infections |
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(Strepto)kinase
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dissolves clots
Allows septicemia |
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Hyaluronidase
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allows tissue spread
dissolves cell cement, "spread factor" |
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Collagenase
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breaks down collagen
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Luecociden
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kills white blood cells
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Hemolysins
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Ruptures red blood cells
-Microaerophiles -Reduce O2 and increases CO2 -Release protein, iron for nutrients |
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Digestive Enzymes
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Proteases
Lipases Amylases |
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Toxins
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Affect functionality of host tissue
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Exotoxins
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Proteins secreted form live cells
Affects gr+ and gr- Specific target |
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Antitoxins
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Produced by body (Immune response)
Response to exotoxin Toxid production for vaccines (denatured toxin) |
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Exotoxin types
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Cytotoxin
Directly kills cells -Ex. Anthrax "lethal factor" |
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Enterotoxins
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affect the digestive tract
Increase capillary permability and/or peristalsis Cause diarrhea,cramping,nausea -Streph.aureus,e.coli, salmonella |
