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13 Cards in this Set
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Knife shaped pairs, short chains, die in presence of O2, grow in blood agar Pathogenic strains cause large capsules, major virulence - capsule cause sickness Up to 50% carry as normal flora, occurs when cells are aspirated into lungs, inflammatory response *Increased drug resistance |
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Bacillus 1. Bacillus anthracis a. (3) types: Cutaneous, Pulmonary, Gastrointestinal 2. Treatment 3. Bacillus cereus |
- Gram +, endospore forming, habitat in soil, source of antibiotics 1. central spores - develop outside body capsules & exotoxins a. black sores - spore thru skin / shock,edema - spores inhaled / edema, bowels - ingested spores 2. Penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, vaccines 3. Airborne, grows in food, ingestion, spores live thru heating, 24-hr bug |
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Clostridium 1. Clostridium difficile 2. Clostridium botulinum & (3) causes |
- Gram +, spore-forming, anaerobic, infections & food intoxication 1. Resident of colon, non-invasive, produce enterotoxins, damage intestines 2. Common in soil/water, produce botulism toxins - blocks release of acteylcholine preventing muscle contraction / Food poisoning, infant = honey, wound |
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1. Clostridium perfringens 2. Clostridium gastronenteritis 3. Clostridium tetani & (3) symptoms |
1. Causes gangrene (dead tissue - black area), blood flow ceases Veg. cells ferment muscle carbs & decompose muscle proteins = lg amounts of gas under skin (crackling sound) 2. Spores contaminate food, consumed toxin produced in intestine, rapid recovery 3. Tetanus, common resident of soil and GI tract, uncontrollable muscle contractions (toxin tetanospasmin inhibit muscles) Trismus - lockjaw / Opisthotonus - arching of back / Spasmodic inhalation - seizures in diaphragm (reduces ventilation) |
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Listeria monocytogenes |
- Gram +, coccobacili, non-endospore, virulent no capsules, resist cold, heat, salt, pH, primary soil/water (intracellular bacteria - hides in cell) *Affects brain and meninges |
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Corynbacterium diptheriae (2) Stages of disease: a. Local infection b. Diptherotoxin Production |
- Gram +, irregular bacilli a. upper resp. tract inflammation (pseudomembrane caused asphyxiation) b. toxemia (heart and nerves) |
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Mycobacterium 1. mycobacterium tuberculosis a. secondary TB b. extrapulmonary TB |
- Gram +, acid-fast, aerobes, produce catalase 1. airborne respiratory droplets, caused granulomas of bacilli surrounded by WBC's a. reactivation, tubercles expand drain into bronchial tubes & upper tract b. during secondary bacilli disseminate to lymph nodes, kidneys, brain and meninges |
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Mycobacterium leprea Forms: 1. Tuberculoid 2. Lepromatous |
- Strict parasite, causes leprosy - starts in skin moves to nerves (Hansen's disease) 1. superficial infection w/o skin disfigurement 2. deeply nodular infection, causes disfigurement |
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1. Bacterial meningitis 2. Neisseria 3. Neisseria meningitidis |
1. Meninges of brain and spinal cord, cross blood-brain barrier 2. Gram -, strict parasites, resident of mucous membranes, do not survive long outside host 3. Capsules, pili, enter thru bloodstream into cranial circulation, endotoxins cause hemorrhage and shock 4. Strictly human found, pili, can cause sterility, can be spread to newborns during birth |
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1. Enterobacteriaceae Family 2. Virulence Factors (H,K,O,En,Ex) |
1. Enterics, Gram -, soil/water, enterotoxins, coliforms (lactose and non lactose) 2. H - flagellar / K - capsule / O - cell wall / Endotoxin/ Exotoxin |
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Escherichia coli a. enterotoxigenic b. enteroinvasive c. enteropathogenic d. enterohemorrhagic |
a. fimbrae - stimulates secretion & fluid loss b. inflammatory disease of lg intense c. wasting from infantile diarrhea d. damage kidney |
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1. Salmonella 2. Typhoid Fever & 5 F's 3. Shigella |
1. S. enteritidis, touching reptiles, fomites (fecal route) 2. Caused by salmonella typhi, in small intestine lead to diarrhea and to septicemia, (Flies, Food, Fingers, Feces, Fomites) Fecal to oral route 3. S. dysenteriae - most common, GI incapacitating dysentery, invades lg intestine, inflammatory response, endotoxin and exotoxins, erodes lining in intestines, fluid replacement |
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Yersinia pestis a. sylvatic b. urban c. flea vector |
Black plague, Gram -, capsule, endotoxin, coagulase, murine toxin a. contact with wild animals b. domestic animals and infected humans c. bacteria replicates, coagulase blood clotting that block esophagus (no path to stomach, still hungry keep biting) |
