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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chemoautotrophes
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Carbon from inorganic carbon source (Carbon dioxide) - energy source from
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chemoheterotrophes
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carbon from catabolizing reduced organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids- energy from organic chemical compounds
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photoautotrophes
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carbon from inorganic carbon, energy from light
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Photoheterotrophes
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carbon from organic compounds, energy from light
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obligate aerobes
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oxygen essential as final electron acceptor for ETC
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obligate anaerobes
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oxygen toxic
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toxic forms of oxygen
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singlet oxygen (molecular oxygen with electrons boosted to higher energy state); superoxide anion (incomplete reduction of oxygen); Peroxide anion (reductions catalyzed by superozide dismutase); Hydroxyl radical (from ionizing radiation and from incomplete reduction of hydrogen peroxide - most reactive)
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thing body uses to get rid of all the toxic forms of oxygen
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Singlet oxygen (occurs during photosynthesis)(carotenoids);
superoxide anion (superozide dismutase); perozide anion (catalase or peoxidase); Hydroxyl radical (H+, vit E&C) |
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facultative aerobes
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can maintain life via fermentation, aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration
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Aerotolerant anaerobes
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don't useaerobic met but have some enzymes that detoxify oxygen's poisonous forms
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microaerophiles
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aerobes that require 2-10% oxygen and have limited ability to detoxify hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion
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temperature requirements
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psychrophiles (4 C), mesophiles (39 C), therophiles (60 C), hypotherophiles (88 C) (106 C)
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PH requirements and optimum range for most growth
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alkalinophiles (up to 11.5)- most grow best from 6.5-7.5- acidophiles (down to low)
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Osmotic pressure
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Obligate halophiles (grow in up to 30% salt; Facultative halophiles or Halotolerant- can tolerate high salt concentrations, nonhalophiles (don't like salt)
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hydrostatic pressure
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per 10 m depth, 1 atm increase- barophiles- live under extreme pressure
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ecological associations
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antagonistic, synergistic (both benefit), symbiotic (interdependent)
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defined media
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know exactly what's in it- same every time
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complex media
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don't know exactly what's in it- different every time (blood, beef broth)
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selective media
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prohibits growth of some and encourages growth of others
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differential media
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things grow differently according to characteristics of individual microbe
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anaerobic media
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without oxygen
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transport media
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used for transporting from one to another
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blood agar- lysis
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B-hemolysis (complete lysis of blood cells); A-hemolysis (incomplete lysis of blood cells), Y-hemolysis- almost no lysis
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preserving cultures
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freezing, refrigeration, lyphophilization
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bacterial growth equation
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Nt = No (2n)
n=number of generations |
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measuring microbial growth
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viable plate counts, membrane filtration, microscopic counts, electronic counters, most probable number- metabilic activity, dry weight, turbidity (spectrophotometer)
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