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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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chemoautotrophes
Carbon from inorganic carbon source (Carbon dioxide) - energy source from
chemoheterotrophes
carbon from catabolizing reduced organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids- energy from organic chemical compounds
photoautotrophes
carbon from inorganic carbon, energy from light
Photoheterotrophes
carbon from organic compounds, energy from light
obligate aerobes
oxygen essential as final electron acceptor for ETC
obligate anaerobes
oxygen toxic
toxic forms of oxygen
singlet oxygen (molecular oxygen with electrons boosted to higher energy state); superoxide anion (incomplete reduction of oxygen); Peroxide anion (reductions catalyzed by superozide dismutase); Hydroxyl radical (from ionizing radiation and from incomplete reduction of hydrogen peroxide - most reactive)
thing body uses to get rid of all the toxic forms of oxygen
Singlet oxygen (occurs during photosynthesis)(carotenoids);
superoxide anion (superozide dismutase); perozide anion (catalase or peoxidase); Hydroxyl radical (H+, vit E&C)
facultative aerobes
can maintain life via fermentation, aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration
Aerotolerant anaerobes
don't useaerobic met but have some enzymes that detoxify oxygen's poisonous forms
microaerophiles
aerobes that require 2-10% oxygen and have limited ability to detoxify hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion
temperature requirements
psychrophiles (4 C), mesophiles (39 C), therophiles (60 C), hypotherophiles (88 C) (106 C)
PH requirements and optimum range for most growth
alkalinophiles (up to 11.5)- most grow best from 6.5-7.5- acidophiles (down to low)
Osmotic pressure
Obligate halophiles (grow in up to 30% salt; Facultative halophiles or Halotolerant- can tolerate high salt concentrations, nonhalophiles (don't like salt)
hydrostatic pressure
per 10 m depth, 1 atm increase- barophiles- live under extreme pressure
ecological associations
antagonistic, synergistic (both benefit), symbiotic (interdependent)
defined media
know exactly what's in it- same every time
complex media
don't know exactly what's in it- different every time (blood, beef broth)
selective media
prohibits growth of some and encourages growth of others
differential media
things grow differently according to characteristics of individual microbe
anaerobic media
without oxygen
transport media
used for transporting from one to another
blood agar- lysis
B-hemolysis (complete lysis of blood cells); A-hemolysis (incomplete lysis of blood cells), Y-hemolysis- almost no lysis
preserving cultures
freezing, refrigeration, lyphophilization
bacterial growth equation
Nt = No (2n)
n=number of generations
measuring microbial growth
viable plate counts, membrane filtration, microscopic counts, electronic counters, most probable number- metabilic activity, dry weight, turbidity (spectrophotometer)