Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is microbiology?
|
the study of microorganisms
|
|
Bacteriology
|
the study of bacteria
|
|
Virology
|
the study of viruses
|
|
cellular and acellular microbes
|
cellular (microorganisms) - bacteria, archaea, protozoa, some algae and some fungi
acellular (infectious particles) - viruses, prions acellar microbes are not considered living entities whereas microorganisms are living |
|
pathogen
|
a disease-causing microorganism
|
|
Indigenous microbiota
|
all species of microbes that live on or in the body that are mostly beneficial
|
|
opportunistic pathogens
|
microbes that colonize the body and normally do not cause disease but they have the potential to infect the body if:
1) they gain access to another part of the body or 2) the body is weakened by some condition or disease |
|
plankton
|
small microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water, consisting chiefly of diatoms, algae, protozoans and small crustaceans
planktos - "wandering" |
|
phytoplankton
|
microscopic aquatic plants
|
|
zooplankton
|
microscopic aquatic animals
|
|
two major types of disease caused by microbial pathogens
|
1) infectious disease - microbe colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease
2) microbial intoxication - ingestion of a toxin that has been produced by a microbe in vitro (outside the body) difference: in an infectious disease - the pathogen is present in the body but absent in microbial intoxication, therefore ID cause more illness and disease than microbial intoxication examples infectious diseases - MRSA infection, gas gangrene microbial intoxication - staphylococcal food poisoning, foodborne botulism |
|
importance of microbes
|
are essential for life ie some microbes are capable of producing oxygen by a process known as photosynthesis (cyanobacteria, algae)
many microbes are involved in the process of decomposition of dead organisms and the waste products of living organisms - substances are broken down into simpler forms of matter some microbes are capable of decomposing industrial waste and thus are useful in bioremediation (cleaning up after the environment) involvement in elemental cycles ie the nitrogen cycle - some bacteria covert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to ammonia, other soil bacteria convert ammonia to nitrates and nitrites while others convert the inorganic substances into nitrogen gas important components of the food chain - algae and bacteria serve as food for tiny animals (ie planktons) some microbes live in the intestinal tracts of animals, aiding in digestion of food and in some instances, producing products valuable to the host ( ie E. coli produces vitamins K and B1) microbes are essential in the field of genetic engineering and biotechnology some bacteria and fungi produce antibiotics for treatment of infectious disease in the study of cells cause many diseases - the study of microbes is essential to determining treatment |
|
define antibiotics
|
substances produced by microbes that are effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of other microbes
they are used in the treatment of infectious diseases |
|
saprophtye
|
microbes that live on dead or decaying matter
|
|
germ theory of disease
|
the theory that specific microbes cause specific infectious diseases
|
|
what microbes are considered obligate intracellular pathogens/parasites?
|
Viruses, rickettsias, chlamydias
*cannot grow in artificial media |
|
medically important cocci bacteria
|
Enterococcus spp.
Neisseira spp. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. |
|
medically important bacilli bacteria
|
Enterobacter
Escherichia Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Shigella spp. pseudomonas aeruginosa bacillus spp. clostridium spp. |
|
important pathogenic gram positive bacteria
|
staphylococcus aureus
streptococcus pyogenes streptococcus pneumoniae corynebacterium diphtheriae bacillus anthracis clostridium botulinum clostridium perfringens clostridium tetani |
|
important pathogenic gram negative bacteria
|
neisseira gonorrhoeae
neisseira meningitidis neisseira pertusiss bordetella abortus chlamydia trachmatis Escherichia coli francisella tularensis haemophilus ducreyi haemophilus influenzae klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris pseudomonas aeruginosa rickettsia rickettsii Salmonella typhi salmonella spp. shigella spp. yersinia pestis vibrio cholerae treponema pallidum |
|
acid-fast, gram variable
|
mycobacterium leprae
M. tuberculosis |
|
microbiota of the skin
|
primarily bacteria and fungi
mainly anaerobes (which outnumber aerobes) living in deep layers of the skin, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands most common bacteria: staphylococcus spp. ( s. epidermidis and aureas) corynebacterium and propionibacterium drugs, calloused areas of the skin have fewer bacteria than moist folds population is affected by temp pH salinity moisture location washing hygiene |
|
microbiota of the ears and eyes
|
outer ear and auditory canal contain the same microorganisms found on the skin
middle and inner ear are usually sterile microbes in the middle ear frequently cause infection production of tears greatly reduces microbes found on eye surfaces |
|
microbiota of the oral cavity
|
carelessness in dental hygiene causes growth of many bacteria with development of dental caries, gingivitis, and more severe periodontal disease
bacteria: Actinomyces bacteriodes borrelia corynebacterium haemophilus lactobacillus neisseria porphyromonas prevotella proprionibacterium treponema veillonilla streptococcus staphylococcus most common: alpha hemolytic streptococcus spp. cause of dental plague: streptococcus mutans |