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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Painful genital lesion with erythematous base that becomes ulucerated, and inguinal adenopathy.
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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on an asian immigrant
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Haemophilus ducryii
Morphology |
gram negative rod in parallel short chains (school of fish)
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school of fish
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Causitive agent of lymphogranuloma venereum
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chlamydia trachomatis
(note lesion is not painful) |
number one bacterial STD
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iodine-staining intracellular inclusion bodies
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chlamydia trachomatis
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causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum
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Dermacentor ticks are the vector for these (2) bugs.
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Rickettsia rickettsii and Francisella tularensis.
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one causes RMSF and the other comes from rabbits.
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Autopsy shows wrinkling of the intimal lining of the aorta as well as aortic root dilation.
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Obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum seen in tertiary syphilis.
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How does strep pneumo mediate its attachment to respiratory mucosa?
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IgA protease
and also because it has techoic acid in its envelope |
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Name this bug:
Catalase (-), alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive, bile soluble, capsule (+) |
strep pneumo
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Which bug produces M protein, streptokinase, DNase, and hyaluronidase?
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Strep pyogenes
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Which group of streptococci posess an M protein?
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Group A
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The purpose of an M protein
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antiphagocytic
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What has cigar-shaped cysts and 4 nuclei and causes diarrhea?
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entamoeba histolytica
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Entamoeba histolytica causes what disease?
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liver abscess - amebic dysentery (flask-shaped ulcers)
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Name the organism that causes unrelenting diarrhea in AIDS patients?
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Cryptosporidium parvuum
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Tx of Cryptosporidium Parvum in immunocompromised?
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Spiramycin
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Causative agent of diarrhea that has four nuclei and oval or elliptical cysts in stool?
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Giardia lamblia (contrast to entamoeba which has spherical cysts in stool)
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Tx of Giardia lamblia
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Metronidazole
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Which pathogen lacks muramic acid in its cell wall?
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chlamydia
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Name the viruses of the herpesvirus family
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HSV, VZV, EBV and CMV
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Where does the herpresvirus family get its envelope?
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from the nucleus of the host cell
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Which DNA virus is single stranded?
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Parvovirus
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Name the two papovaviruses
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polyoma and papilloma
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Name the only RNA virus that is double stranded
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reovirus
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Name the positive sense RNA viruses
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calicivirus picornavirus, flavivirus, coronavirus, retrovirus, togavirus
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name the (3) bugs of the calcivirus family
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norwalk agent, hep E, and cruise ship agent
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name the (6) bugs of the picornavirus family
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polio, ECHO, entero, rhino, coxsackie, hep A
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name the (5) bugs of the Flavivirus family
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yellow fever, dengue, SLE, hep C, West Nile
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name the (4) bugs of the togavirus family
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Rubella, WEE, EEE, VEE
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oxidase (+) microaerophilic Gram (-) comma-shaped rods that cause bloody/pus diarrhea 2 days s/p eating something bad?
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campylobacter jejuni
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Exposure to Parvovirus in first trimester results in a fetus with
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aplastic anemia --> non-immune hydrops
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A neonate with scarring and limb defects was likely exposed to
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varicella
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The 2 heart defects most commonly seen in neonates that had an intrauterine rubella infection are
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pulmonary artery stenosis and PDA
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Which toxin of clostridium perfringens is the most important in the pathogenesis of myonecrosis?
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the alpha-toxin, a lecithenase
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In order to grow H Flu on blood agar you can add this other bug in order to provide the necessary factors.
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Staph aureas. It will cleave the RBCs to provide the factors since it is beta hemolytic. This is called the satellite phenomenon.
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How does HepB cause liver cancer?
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Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosomes
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Which viruses have vecome oncogenic because they have captured cellular oncogenes in the past and then get inserted into host genome?
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oncogenic retroviruses like HTLV 1 and 2
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Primary mode of pathogenesis of liver cancer caused by Hep C?
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continual cell growth and repair
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Mechanism of HPV-caused cervical cancer.
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Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
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Post-infectious encephalitis (s/p mumps, measles, varicella, rubella, influenza) pathological finding
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perivenous microglial involvement with demyelination
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Which groups of viruses must carry their own polymerases with them?
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all negative RNA viruses (paramyxo, rhabdo, filo, orthomyxo, bunya, arena), dsRNA virus (reovirus), and retroviruses (HIV, HTLV, sarcoma)
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sick adult man with lobar pneumonia and sputum showing abundant neutrophils and gram positive diplococci
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strep pneumo
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treatment of choice for strep pneumo pneumonia?
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IIV PCN G
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Which disease can you get by handling animal carcasses in mis., ark, and oklahoma?
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tularemia
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mode of transmission of leptospirosis?
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contact with water infected by urine of animals (i.e. surfers)
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assoc. with dog and cat bites
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pasturella multicida
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Which component of strep pneumo, a gram (+) acts as a chemotractant for neutrophils?
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techoic acds and peptidoglycan
(note the capsule attracts antibodies, not PMNs) |
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Which bug causes community acquired pneumonia associated with upper lobe cavitation?
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Klebsiella
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Streptobaccilis monilliformis causes what?
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rat-bite fever in the US
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Spirillim minus causes what?
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rat-bite fever in Japan
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what is the difference between rat-bite fever (streptobacillis monilliformis) in the US and in Japan (spirillium minus)?
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the incubation period in tnhe us is 1-3 days whereas in Japan it is 1-4 weeks
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Psuedomonas mallei causes what?
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glanders - in horses
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name the process that occurs when lysates of one bacteria are added to the culture of another, and the lysates' DNA is taken up by the living cells
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transformation
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mechanism of genetic exchange that involves cell-to-cell contact between bacteria
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conjugation
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describe the process of generalized transduction
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a virulent phage (virus vector) "accidentally" transfers DNA from one bacterium to another
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what is the mechanism in which two pieces of circular DNA in specialized conduction during the life cycle of lysogenic viruses during transposon movement
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site-specific transduction (note that this is how Hfr pieces are formed)
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what is the mechanism of genetic exchange that involves transfer of bacterial genes using a lysogenic virus?
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specialized transduction
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The gene in H. Pylori indicated in the cause of cancer
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CagA
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Treatment of choice for antibiotic-caused C. Diff
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metronidazole
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The same vector that carries the but for lyme disease also carries this sporozoan
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babesia microtii
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Treatment of toxoplasma gondii
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pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (act to inhibit folate synthesis)
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a family with itchiness at night esp. flexor surfaces of wrists and elbows, belt lines, groin, scattered wavy lines with a dark dot at the end.
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scabies
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Virus found in the southwestern USA transmitted by the common deer mouse that results in a pulmonary syndrome that progresses to respiratory distress and death
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hanta virus (a member of the bunyavirus family)
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In which (4) families of viruses can genetic shift occur?
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only in families that have segmented genomes: orthomyxoviruses, reovirus, bunyavirus, and arenavirus
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Name the (4)viruses of the paramyxovirus family
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parainfluenza
measles mumps RSV this is a negative sense RNA virus |
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What is the mechanism that the paramyxoviruses (i.e. mumps) use to attach to host cells?
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HN glycoprotein
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Which two bugs both exert their toxic mechanisms by inhibiting EF-2?
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pseudomonas and diptheria
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Which layer of the skin does the HPV virus infect?
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stratum basale
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Name the viruses in the poxvirus family
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molluscum contagiosum
variola vacinella |
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what is the shape of the poxvirus?
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brick shaped
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Which DNA virus replicates in the cytoplasm?
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poxvirus
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The classic cause of chronic meningitis is
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TB
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The most common cause of infections of catheters and prosthetic valves is
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staph epidermidis (gram +) extracellular, it produces a biofilm that helps it adhere even to teflon
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Superantigen activity is posessed by
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staph aureas and strep pyogenes
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A vaccine for which organism is composed of polyribitol phosphate capsular polysaccharides coupled to a protein carrier?
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H flu
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the vagina of pre and post pubertal girls and women is colonized by
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staph epidermidis and other normal skin flora (lactobcillis is in women of reproductive age)
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Which enzyme does the poxvirus have to carry with it?
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a DNA-dependant RNA polymerase
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Gram (-) coccus that is an STD with over one million variants of pili
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N. gonorrhea
these pili are also protective against phagocytosis |
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which spp has no true cell walls
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mycoplasma
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Which spp of bacteria have a waxy envelope?
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mycoplasma
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How does Staph Aureas protect itself from phagocytosis?
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Protein A (binds the Fc component of IgG to prevent opsonization)
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Clonorchis sinesis causes
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cholangitis
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Why doesn't histoplasmosis usually spread from person to person?
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it is acquired through inhalation of soil dust. It is intracellular and thus doesn't spread from person to person.
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What does cryptosporidium cause?
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watery diarrhea
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Cryptosporidium - mode of transmission?
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between people or between people and animals
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Where does the sexual life cycle of cryptosporidium occur?
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in the brush border of the intestine
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The sexual stages of toxoplasma gondi occur in
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the intestinal mucosa of felines
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with renal failure?
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Hep B
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The bug you can see with staining with India Ink is
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Cryptococcus Neoformans
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One unusual trait of Cryptococcus Neoformans is that it is
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urease positive.
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The growth medium of choice for Neisseria is
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thayer-martin media
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owls eye inclusions are characteristic of this virus
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CMV
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The test for toxin production by Cornybacterium diptheria is the
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ELEK test
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acute epididymitis and orchitis with prominent neutrophils in a sexually active male is usually due to
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N. gonorrhea or C trachomatis (contrast to old men or kids with congenital defects the most likely pathogen is e. coli)
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Persian gulf, female phlebotomine sandfly bite that results in an ulcerated sore, fever, fatigue, weakness, dysphagia, dyspnea, gray skin/thinning hair
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leshmaniasis
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Mode of Transmission
Ascaris Lumbricoides |
fecal-oral
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Causative agent of human granulocytic erlichosis
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anaplasma phagocytophyllum
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Northeast hiking, presence of morulas in PMNs (berry-like clusters) and sx of RMSF but without the rash
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erlichosis
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Erlichosis vector
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ixodes tick, same as Lyme disease
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agent of Q fever
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coxiella burnetti
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mode of transmission
coxiella burnetti |
inhalation aerosols from infected animal tissues
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free-living amoeba that can cause brain abscesses in immunocompromised
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acanthamoeba spp (note naegleria fowlli can do the same in healthy adults)
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