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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 characteristics of life
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communication
reproduction metabolism evolution differentiation movement |
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Hooke
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microorganisms
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van Leeuwenhoek
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bacteria
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Cohn
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endospores
bacteriology |
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winogradsky
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chemolithotrophy
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beijerinck
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enrichment culture
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koch
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pure culture
solid media tuberculosis koch's postulates |
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pasteur
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spontaneous generation
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koch's postulates
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1. MO present in all diseased and absent from all healthy
2. pure culture 3. cause disease in healthy 4. reisolated |
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polysaccharide
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glycosidic bond
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nucleic acids
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phosphodiester bonds
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D-amino acids
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peptidoglycan
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L-amino acids
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proteins
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cyanobacteria
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produce O2 gas
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quinolone antibiotics
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target DNA gyrase
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endosymbioant hypothesis
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current cells: chimera (1+ organism)
nucleus: archae-like mitochondria & chloroplast: eukaryote-like |
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proteins and polypeptides
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polypeptide: chain of AAs
proteins: 1+ polypeptide |
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racemic mixture
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pasteur & tartaric acid crystals, when d & l mixed, no rotation
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ester bonds
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lipids
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flagellum
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rotation: filament (protein-flagelin), hook, motor (run by PMF)
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pilus
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reproductive, for DNA transfer, proten--pilin, attachment, pathogenesis
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fimbriae
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short pili for adherence
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capsule
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=slime layer=glycocalyx
contains sugars and aas prevents things from getting inside and exposure to immune cells, virulence factor |
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peptidoglycan
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bacteria only (except mycoplasm), cleaved by lysozyme (after NAM), longer in G+ because peptide interbridge
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penicillin
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(b-lactam antibiotic) inhibits transpeptidase, prevents cross-link formation --> lysis. works on growing cells, links to AA irreversibly, but does not affect G-
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G+ cell wall
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teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid
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G- cell wall
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thin PG
outer membrane: LPS (lipid + polysaccharide), lipoprotein (attach to PG), porin |
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LPS
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lipid A
core polysaccharide O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) KDO is an endotoxin |
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catalase and superoxide dismutase
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in strict aerobes
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polymyxins
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membrane structure/function. pmf disturbed
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sulfa drugs
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folic acid metabolism. DNA precursor synthesis inhibited
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penicillin
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peptidoglycan synthesis. transpeptidiase inhibited
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quinolones
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replication. dna not made
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rifampin
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(dna dependent rna polymerase inhibitor) transcription. rna not formed by rna polymerase
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chloramphenical
tetracycline |
translation. 50/30 s ribosomal subunit
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translation reagents
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mrna, ribosomes, aa~trna, protein factors, gtp
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