Microbiology

Front 1

INVENTION OF MICROSCOPE?

Back 1

ROBERT HOOKE IN 1664,FIRST TO OBSERVE "FRUITING BODIES"OF FUNGI.

Front 2

1ST TO SEE MICROBE?

Back 2

LEWENHOKE IN 1600,SAW WEE ANIMICULES.

Front 3

STUDY BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA?

Back 3

R COHN IN 1800,LIFE CYCLE OF BACILLUS.

Front 4

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION SOLUTION?

Back 4

PASTEUR 1800.FLASK EXP,DEVELOPED PASTEURIZATION/STERILIZATION.

Front 5

AUTOCLAVE?

Back 5

KILLS HEAT RESISTANT MICROBES USE OF HEAT AND PRESSURE.

Front 6

WHY ARE KOCHS POSTULATES PREFORMED AND PROVES?

Back 6

TO PROVE THE MICROORGANISM CAUSES DISEASE.SPECIFIC ORGANISM.

Front 7

CAUSES ANTHRAX/WHEN/WHAT THEORY?

Back 7

ROBERT KOCH/1800/GERM THEORY OF DISEASE.

Front 8

KOCH POSTULATES?

Back 8

1)PATHOGEN MUST BE PRESENT IN DISEASED ANIMAL AND NOT IN HEALTHY AMIMALS.
2)SUSPECT ORGANISM MUST BE GROWN IN PURE CULTURE.
3)SUSPECT ORGANISM MUST CAUSE DISEASE IN HEALTHY AMIMAL.
4)SUSPECT ORGANISM SHOULD BE REISOLATED AND SHOWN AS SAME AS ORIGINAL.

Front 9

THE TERM PROKARYOTE REFERS TO?

Back 9

CELL ORGANIZATION.

Front 10

ARCHAEBACTERIA ARE MOST CLOSELY RELATED TO EUBACTERIA THAN TO EUKARYA?

Back 10

FALSE.

Front 11

WHICH DOMAINS ARE EUBACTERIA RELATED MOST CLOSELY?

Back 11

A)ARCHAEBACTERIA
B)EUKARYA
C)NEITHER(correct)

Front 12

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PROKARYOTES?

Back 12

ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA

Front 13

ORGANISM GROWING ON CO2 WITH IRON AS ENERGY SOURSE IS?

Back 13

CHEMOAUTOTROPH.

Front 14

MICRORGANISM GROWING ON GLUCOSE AS BOTH CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCE IS?

Back 14

CHEMOHETEROTROPH.

Front 15

ORGANISM GROWING ON ORGANIC CARBON AND HYDROGEN?

Back 15

CHEMOORGANOAUTOTROPH.

Front 16

CELL TAHT GROWS ON CO2 AND HYDROGEN?

Back 16

CHEMOAUTOTROPH.

Front 17

HOW ARE PROTEINS HELD IN PLACE IN CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE?

Back 17

HYDROPHOBIC/HYDROPHILLIC INTERACTIONS.

Front 18

WHICH CANNOT DIFFUSE ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE?

Back 18

H+ OR PROTONS.

Front 19

WHAT ARE THE ENERGY SOURCES TO PRODUCE LIGHT METABOLISM?

Back 19

LIGHT OR CHEMICAL.

Front 20

INSTEAD OF FATTY ACIDS ARCHAEBACTERIAL MEMBRANES HAVE?

Back 20

ISOPRENES BOUND TO GLYCEROL BY ETHER LINKAGES.

Front 21

ORGANIC CARBON AND LIGHT?

Back 21

PHOTOHETEROTROPH.

Front 22

CHEMOAUTOTROPH?

Back 22

CHEMICAL AND CO2

Front 23

MEMBRANE MONOLAYERRS ARE STONG DUE TO? AND ARE FOUND WHERE?

Back 23

COVALENT BONDS AND ARE FOUND IN SOME ARCHAEA.

Front 24

EUKARYA MEMBRANES?WHAT PHYSICALLY STABILIZES THE CELL MEMBRANE?

Back 24

HAVE PHOSPHOLIPIDS,STEROLS WHICH ARE RIGID PLANAR RING STRUCTURES.

Front 25

PLYMOLYSIS OCCURS WHEN?

Back 25

CELL IS IN AN ENVIORMENT THAT IS LESS DILUTE( MORE SOLUTE)THAN THE CYTOPLASM.

Front 26

PLYMOLYSIS OCCURS DUE TO THE PROCESS OF?

Back 26

OSMOSIS.

Front 27

RIDGID WALLS HELP WHAT?

Back 27

COUNTERACT "TURGOR PRESSURE"

Front 28

PROKARYOTES ( BACTERIA)HAVE
HOW MANY PROTEINS?

Back 28

3 TYPES PRESENT
a)UNIPORTER
b)SYMPORTER
c)ANTIPORTER

Front 29

CELL BRINGS IN SUBSTANCE ACROSS CYTO PLAS MEMBRANE WITH ANOTHER SUBSTANCE?

Back 29

SYMPORTER

Front 30

ANTIPORTERS?

Back 30

TRANSPORT SUBSTANCE IN ONE DIRECTION INTO THE MEMBRANE WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY TRANSPORTING A 2ND SUBSTANCE IN THE OPPOSIT DIRECTION.

Front 31

UNIPORTERS?

Back 31

MOVE SUBSTANCES IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY.

Front 32

3 CATAGORIES OF TRANSPORT IN TERMS OF DRIVE?

Back 32

SIMPLE TRANSPORT
GROUP TRANSLOCATION
ABC SYSTEM.

Front 33

IF A CELL CHEMICALLY MODIFIES A SUBSTANCE AND MOVES IT INTO THE MEMBRANE ?

Back 33

GROUP TRANSLOCATION.active transport,fig 4.25 e coli EG SHOWS PEP TRANSFORMED AND THE FINAL PRODUCT IS GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE

Front 34

SIMPLE TRANSPORT /EXAMPLE

Back 34

REQUIRES MEMBRANE SPANNING PROTEIN,ENERGY FROM CONC GRADIENT,USES PMF,EG LAC PERMEASE.

Front 35

LAC PERMEASE?
as symporter

Back 35

LAC is lactose
PERMEASE is an enzyme

Front 36

ABC SYSTEM? FOUND WHERE?POWERED BY?

Back 36

ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPLASMIC BINDING PROTEINS.FOUND ONLY IN GRAM - BACTERIA.POWERED BY ATP.

Front 37

LPS LAYERS ARE FOUND IN ? WHAT IS UNIQUE TO THIS LAYER?

Back 37

GRAM - BACTERIA. PORINS ARE UNIQUE TO GRAM - BACTERIA.

Front 38

GRAM - HAS HOW MANY LAYERS?

Back 38

LPS LAYER
PERIPLASMIC LAYER
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Front 39

WHEN PREFORMING A GRAM STAIN,WHY IS THE LAST STEP CARRIED OUT?

Back 39

TO STAIN THE TEST ORGANISM,IF IT IS GRAM +

Front 40

WHY DOES GRAM STAIN DIFFRENCIATE BETWEEN + & - ?

Back 40

DUE TO THE THICKNESS OF THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER.

Front 41

UNIPORTERS?

Back 41

MOVE SUBSTANCES IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY.

Front 42

3 CATAGORIES OF TRANSPORT IN TERMS OF DRIVE?

Back 42

SIMPLE TRANSPORT
GROUP TRANSLOCATION
ABC SYSTEM.

Front 43

IF A CELL CHEMICALLY MODIFIES A SUBSTANCE AND MOVES IT INTO THE MEMBRANE ?

Back 43

GROUP TRANSLOCATION.active transport,fig 4.25 e coli EG SHOWS PEP TRANSFORMED AND THE FINAL PRODUCT IS GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE

Front 44

SIMPLE TRANSPORT /EXAMPLE

Back 44

REQUIRES MEMBRANE SPANNING PROTEIN,ENERGY FROM CONC GRADIENT,USES PMF,EG LAC PERMEASE.

Front 45

LAC PERMEASE?
as symporter

Back 45

LAC is lactose
PERMEASE is an enzyme

Front 46

NOT FOUND IN PERIPLASMIC SPACE?

Back 46

PORINS, ONLY FOUND ON OUTER MEMBRANE OF GRAM - BACTERIA.PRESENT ARE CHEMORECEPTORS,HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES,BINDING PROTEINS IN ABC SYSTEM.

Front 47

UNIQUE TO LPS LAYER?

Back 47

PORINS,

Front 48

GRAM+?

Back 48

1 THICK LAYER OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN,90%.

Front 49

PEPTIDOGLYCAN?

Back 49

FUNCTIONS IN RIDIGITY,ONLY IN EUBACTERIA.

Front 50

GRAM + BACTERIA STAINS PURPLE DUE TO?

Back 50

1ST DYE GETTING TRAPPED IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER.

Front 51

HOW DO ARCHAEBACTERIA SURVIVE IN BOILING ACID?

Back 51

ISOPRENE MONOLAYERCELL MEMBRANES.

Front 52

PEPTIDOGLYCAN COMPSED OF WHICH 2 SUGAR DERIVATES?

Back 52

a) N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE
b) N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID

Front 53

LPS LAYER MADE UP OF?

Back 53

O-POLYSACCHARIDES
CORE-POLYSACCHARIDES.

Front 54

LIPID A?

Back 54

NOT FATTY ACIDS,IT IS THE LIPID PORTION OF THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE.IT IS ALSO A TOXIN.

Front 55

LIPOPROTEINS?

Back 55

ANCHOR OUTER LAYER OF LPS TO PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

Front 56

TECHOIC ACIDS?

Back 56

FOUND IN GRAM + BACTERIA,THEY ARE - CHARGED WHICH HELPS ATTRACT H+.ATTACHED TO OUTER PART OF CELL/TRUE ENVIORMENT

Front 57

GRAM+ OUTER LAYER IS?

Back 57

_ CHARGED AND HELPS STABILIZE PROTON GRADIENT.

Front 58

ARACHEA WALLS?

Back 58

NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN/SOME HAVE CELL WALLS MADE UP OF A POLYSACCHARIDE SIMILAR TO PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

Front 59

PSEUDOPEPITDOGLYCAN?

Back 59

GIVES RIGIDITITY TO ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL WALL.

Front 60

N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE?

Back 60

FOUND IN BOTH EUBACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA.IN BOTH PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND PSEUDOGLYCAN.

Front 61

NOT FOUND IN EUBACTERIA CELL WALLS?

Back 61

N-ACETYLALOSAMINURONIC ACID
FOUND ONLY IN ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL WALLS.

Front 62

NOT FOUND IN ARCHAEL CELL WALLS?

Back 62

N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID WHICH IS FOUND ONLY IN BACTERIA.

Front 63

EUKARYA CELL WALLS HAVE ONLY?

Back 63

PLANTS /ALGAE HAVE CELL WALLSALSO FUNGI.HIGHLY VARIABLE MAY HAVE CELLULOSE/CHITIN/SILICA/CaCO3.ANIMAL CELLS HAVE NO WALLS.

Front 64

ADVANTAGE OF BEING SMALL BACTERIUM?WHY NOT EVOLVE TO LARGER SIZE?

Back 64

INCREASED SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO.WHICH ALLOWS INCREASES RATE OF MOVEMENT IN/OUT OF CELL.

Front 65

METABOLISM?

Back 65

ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES TAKING PLACE WITHIN THE INSIDE OF A CELL.

Front 66

ANABOLISM?

Back 66

BIOSYNTHESIS, CELL BUILDING FROM CHEMICALS WITHIN THE ENVIORMENT.

Front 67

CATABOLISM?

Back 67

ENERGY YEILDING METABOLIC REACTIONS.

Front 68

ARACHEA WALLS?

Back 68

NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN/SOME HAVE CELL WALLS MADE UP OF A POLYSACCHARIDE SIMILAR TO PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

Front 69

PSEUDOPEPITDOGLYCAN?

Back 69

GIVES RIGIDITITY TO ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL WALL.

Front 70

N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE?

Back 70

FOUND IN BOTH EUBACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA.IN BOTH PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND PSEUDOGLYCAN.

Front 71

NOT FOUND IN EUBACTERIA CELL WALLS?

Back 71

N-ACETYLALOSAMINURONIC ACID
FOUND ONLY IN ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL WALLS.

Front 72

NOT FOUND IN ARCHAEL CELL WALLS?

Back 72

N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID WHICH IS FOUND ONLY IN BACTERIA.

Front 73

OXIDATION?

Back 73

REMOVAL OF AN ELECTRON.

Front 74

REDUCTION?

Back 74

ADDITION OF AN ELECTRON.

Front 75

OXIDANT?

Back 75

OXIDIZING AGENT/ELECTRON ACCEPTOR.WHICH REMOVES e- FROM SUBSTANCE.eg O2 IS A STRONG OXIDANT.

Front 76

REDUCTANT?

Back 76

REDUCING AGENT/ ELECTRON DONOR. DONATES e-, HYDROGEN IS A STRONG REDUCTANT.

Front 77

WHEN SUBSTANCE IS OXIDIZED,A 2ND SUBSTANCE MUST BE REDUCED. WHERE IS THE 2ND SUBSTANCE?

Back 77

NEXT TO THE FIRST SUBSTANCE.

Front 78

ELECTRON DONOR FOR OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS?

Back 78

H20

Front 79

DURING OYYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS WHERE IS O2 PRODUCED?

Back 79

FROM THE e- DONOR WHICH IS H2O.

Front 80

DURING OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS , ATP PRODUCED?

Back 80

BY CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION AND BY NON CYCLIC PHOTIPHOSPHORYLATION.
BOTH PHOTOSNH e- CHAIN AND ATPASE.

Front 81

DURING CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION WHERE DOES THE e- COME FROM?

Back 81

H2O

Front 82

DURING NON CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION WHERE DOES THE e- COME FROM?

Back 82

H2O

Front 83

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY USED TO BOOST SAME e- IT IS CALLED?AND WHY WOULD THE CELL DO THIS?

Back 83

CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORLATION
TO MAKE ATP.

Front 84

IF A PHOTOSYNTHESIZING CELL USING LIGHT ENERGY TO BOOST A NEW e- ONTO THE PHT SYN TRANS CHAIN,WHERE DO THE OLD e- GO?

Back 84

TO NAD(P)+

Front 85

HOW IS CYCLIC & NON CYCLIC PHOSPHORYLATION COUPLED TO ATP PRODUCTION?

Back 85

BY ATP SYNTHASE

Front 86

QUINONES AND NADH+H ARE?

Back 86

HYDROGEN CARRIERS.

Front 87

CYTOCHROME?

Back 87

e- CARRIER.

Front 88

LIGHT ENERGY CAPTURED BY?
FOR PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF ENERGY?

Back 88

PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS.