Microbiology

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Fungi

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* mold, mushrooms, yeast
*Eukaryotes and many are muticellular.
*FOrm hyphaes which are long tube of cells that help them to absorb nutrients and often called mycelium.
*Polyssacrides called Chitins in their cell walls.
*Haploid most of their lives but can be diploid as well
*Reproduce using spores
* Decomposers/symbionts (live with other creatures: mutualists)/ parasites.
*

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Virus

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* Virus are made of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, single or double stranded).
*The nucleic acids are covered with proteins.
*some virus are enveloped which means covered by a cell membrane of the host.
*eveloped virus will bud off the host.
* Non-eveloped will burst to release the viral content.

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More Virus

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* Virus are smaller than bacterias
* They only have genetic materials no organelles or a nucleus.
*Its made of a head ( contains genetic material) sheath (passes genetic material to host) and tail (attaches itself to host to pass genetic materials).

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Retroviruses

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* virus that transform thier genome material into DNA in their host.

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Viral life cycle

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* Virus depend of thier host to help them to replicate.
* They depend of the replicating organelles of thier host.

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Retrovirus life cycle

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* retrovirus enters host
* reverse transcriptase by converting it's RNA genome into DNA
* an enzyme called intergrase adds the viral DNA to the host's genome at random places.
* When the host replicates it's genome, the viral material replicates too.

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Transduction

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* is where viruses infect their host by transfering thier genetic material.
* they replicate and form new virus that go on and infect other hosts.
* Through the lytic or lysogenic cycle.