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54 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
The Eukrayotic super groups are ... ? Names please. Which is the biggest. Which is composed of the most photosynthetic organisms
Excavata

Archaeplastids - most photosynthestic

Hacrobians or CCTH - Cryptomonads, Centrohelids,
Telonemids, Hapthophytes

SAR - biggest

Unikonts - Ophistokonta (1 flagella) and Amebozoa
Hapthophytes - Hacrobia . What are they known for?
They are Emiliana huxleyi.
They have Calcified outer shells. They absorb a certain wavelength so they are easier to see on satellite images.
Vital in the carbon cycle when they die.
What physical structure historically distinguishes unikonts.
rear facing flagella (at one point)
What is the most recent unicellular ancestor of the ANIMAL kingdom?
Choanoflagella
Defining features of opistokont ???
Rear facing flagella. Protists have a front facing flagella
Back in the old days, opistokonts had one flgella arising from a single centriole
How are we opistokonts
BECAUSE WE WERE SPERMS. they have rear facing flagella
Describe how seas sponges are virtually the same as choanoflagellates
Sea sponges have a basket weave that is lined with alot of choanocytes and each choanocyte is virtually the same as a choanoflagellate
What is another name for a group that encompasses all yeasts
Ascomycota - Fungii
What yeast causes oral and vaginal infections
Candida albicans
What yeast is causes bread and butter
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
what distinguishes Amoebae
they move though bulky cytoplasmic shifts and undergoe Pseudopodia
Defining features of Ameobozoa
Tublinea- Have tubular pseudopodia
They can only move the cytoplasm in one direction unidirectional

Pleomorphic - has no set shape
What are the similarities and differences between Amoeba Chaos
They are both HUGE 2mm
Amoeba has one polygenic nucleus with ca. 500 chromosomes
Chaos is multi nucleated (basically a plasmodium)
what is a plasmodium and what are its physical features? 4 points
Unicellular , multinucleate mass, often enclosed by a slime sheath
Often brightly coloured
Typically a network of vein-like strands of protoplasm
Synchronous nuclear division
what is the translation of mycetozoans
mykete= fungus
zoa= creatures
What are mycetozoans also called
Slime molds
Describe slime molds
Often classified with fungi because they look like fungii, produce spores, and therefore has the same niche as fungi but it is much different because they are part of super group.
The difference lies where fungi are saprophytic (eat dead things ) but slime molds prey on bacteria (living things )
filose
What does myxomycetes mean and what what cellular sturctures do they have
myxa= slime
myketes = fungus
Plasmodial
What happened to Archeoplastids ancestors
Their ancestor enslaved a cynobacteria to make a chloroplast. This makes them photosynthetic
How many times have bacteria enslaved a cynobacteria
ONLY ONCE
What is primary endosymbiosis and where did it occur?
When a bacteria is taken up by a host cell and that bacteria gives its genome to the host cell to make its proteins, hence permanently relies on host cell for its proteins. It is enslaved.
Occured when an ancestor of archaeplastida took up cyanobacterial
What does Viridiplantae mean
True plant
What are terrestrial plants known as under Archaeplastid tree
Streptophytes
What are blue algae ?
Glaucophytes - only unicellular
Glaucophytes
Tiny group that are rare. They have blue green plasmids that are often called cyanelles
where can glaucophytes be found
Fresh water
What is the oldest multicellular eukaryote fossil and what was its name
Red algae
Bangiomorpha pubescens
Many human pathogens are apart of this super group.. which group
Excavates
What is the Excavate hypothesis
The common ancestor of excavates had a ventral feeding groove that all food went into and filtered out
What is important about Euglenozoa
Free living eukaryotes
Some pathogenic ( Lieshmania , Trypanosoma )
Reclinomonas americana
excavate with a feeding groove
Haptophytes and Crytophytes (part of CCTH) are special why ?
They have red algae
Haptophytes live where ?
Marine environments (very few fresh water )
They are the third major group of primary producers in the ocean after diatoms and dinoflagellates
Haptophytes
DMS is produced by which group of organism
Haptophyte. implicated in cloud and weather
Morphology of Haptophytes
Generally flagellated forms, a few species coccoid (often embedded in mucus), filamentous or colonial
Rhizaria is part of which supergroup
SAR
Rhizaria organisms have what in common
They have filos or reticulate pseudopodia
What does Rhizaria contain.
Diverse group including photosynthetic flagellates (Chlorarachniophytes), heterotrophic flagellates (Cercomonas) or organisms covered in shells e.g. Euglypha
The largest protist group is ...
What super group is it under?
Diatoms
Stemophiles - SAR
Where are diatoms found
both marine and freshwater enviroments
This is responsible for 20% global primary production (carbon dixed by phtosynthetic organisms)
Diatoms
What is dynamite made out of and where is the main rock found
nitroglycerine that is dried in Diatomite. That is marine sediment from diatoms
Name the unicellular species that brown algae have?
trick question, none
where are brown algae usually found
coastal temperate and polar regions
What caused the Irish potatoe famine
Sloomycetes
What is the largest group of non-photosynthetic heterokonts
Sloomcyetes: Oomycetes
Ciliates are part of which super group
Alveolates- SAR
How do ciliates feed
raptorial feeders - chase down prey
Filter feeders - bacteria and particulate organic matter
Examples of Ciliates
which is the photosynthetic one
Tertahymena and paramecium
zoochlorellae
What happens when ciliates undergoe transformation
several groups of filter feeders join their cytosomes and become one very large raptorial feeder.
Become canniabls in most cases
Dinoflagellates are defined by what physical features (3)
a transversal flagella and a Longitudinal flaggla
Also have plates or scales
What is responsible for redtide
Dinoflagelates
What is responsible for flourscent blue when canoeing or stuff
Dinoflagellate blooms