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88 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Media selective for gram + cocci?
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CNA (colistin/nalidixic acid) agar. prevents gram neg growth.
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Differential and selective media for gram negatives?
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MacConkey agar. Only gram negs grow. Pink if lactose fermenters.
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Staph aureus positive for these biochemical tests:
1. ? 2. ? 3. ? |
1. Catalase
2. Coagulase 3. Thermostable DNAase. |
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Tube coagulase measures _____ coagulase vs. slide coagulase which measures ______ coagulase?
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tube = free coagulase
slide = bound coagulase |
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Staph aureus toxins?
1 2 3 4 |
1. Panton Valentein toxin (PVL)
2. Exfoliatin (Staph Scalded Skin) 3. Enterotoxin 4. TSST-1 (toxic shock) |
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MRSA is oxacillin resistant.
Gene? Gene product? |
Gene - mecA
Gene product - PBP (penicillin binding protein) |
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Tube coagulase measured at ___ and ___ hours?
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4 hrs and 24 hrs.
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Selective and differential media for Staph aureus?
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Mannitol Salt Agar. S aureus grows on 7.5% NaCl agar and ferments mannitol turning agar YELLOW.
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Staph sapprophyticus:
Site of infection? Resistant to which abx? |
UTI's in child bearing age female.
Novobiocin resistant on KB disk test. |
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Micrococcus luteus:
Gram stain? Colony color? Positive for which biochem test? Negative for which sugar? |
Micrococcus luteus:
-Gram stain - gpc in TETRADS -Colony color - loud YELLOW -Microdase (modified oxidase) + -Glucose NEG (vs S aureus which is glucose +) -Flora. Infection rare. |
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Large gram pos cocci in pairs or clusters with sticky colonies adherent to agar?
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Rothia.
ADHERENT to agar. Flora. |
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Alpha hemolytic Strep?
1 2 3 |
Alpha hemolytic Strep?
1. Strep pneumoniae 2. Viridans Strep 3. Abiotrophia (nutritionally variant Strep) |
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Beta hemolytic Strep?
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Beta hemolytic Strep?
Beta hemolytic Strep groups A-G Grp A - Strep pyogenes Grp B - Strep agalactiae |
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Gamma hemolytic Strep?
1 2 |
Gamma hemolytic Strep?
1. Enterococci 2. Strep Group D (Strep bovis) |
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Beta hemolytic Strep:
-grouped by what system? -using which molecule? -using which lab technique? |
Beta hemolytic Strep:
-grouped by Lancefield System (Groups A,B,C,F,G) -based on C carbohydrate of cell wall. -using which latex agglutination method |
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Strep pyogenes (Grp A) identification:
-Susceptible to which abx on KB disk? -Resistant to which abx on KB disk? -Positive for which biochem rxn? -DOC? |
Strep pyogenes (Grp A) identification:
-Susceptible to Bacitracin -Resistant to Sulfmethoxizole -Positive for PYR (white disk turns pink) -DOC: penicillin! |
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Step agalactiae (Grp B) identification:
-which 2 tests are positive? -DOC? -screen mom during which week of pregnancy? |
Step agalactiae (Grp B) identification:
-Camp Test + (streak of Grp B strep perpendicular to streak of camp positive S aureus -> intensifies Grp B hemolysis. looks like arrow head) -rappid hippurate hydrolysis + (4hr) -DOC: penicillin -screen mom at 35-37 WGA -DOC? |
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Enterococcus identification:
-Grows in which 2 selective medias? -Positive for which biochem test? -Difference between faecium and faecalis? |
Enterococcus identification:
-Grows on bile/esculin agar slant (turns black). -Grows in 6.5% salt -PYR + (just like Strep pyogenes, but enterococcus is GAMMA hemolytic!) -E. faecium ferments arabinose (faecalis is negative for arabinose) |
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Strep bovis (Grp D) identification:
-Differentiate from enterococcus how? -Sepsis with S bovis has what clinical association? |
Strep bovis (Grp D) identification:
-Bile/esculin + (like enterococcus), but... -6.5% salt NEGATIVE -PYR NEGATIVE -assoc with colon cancer |
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Strep pneumoniae identification:
-Gram? -Positive for which test? -Sensitive to which abx on KB disk? Zone size? -Serotype capsule by which technique? |
Strep pneumoniae identification:
-Gram + cocci pairs (lancet). alpha hemolytic. -Bile soluble (autolytic in sodium deoxycholate) -Optochin ("P" disk) sensitive on KB disk. 14 mm zone/ 6 mm disk. -Serotype capsule by Quellung rxn. |
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Viridans strep identification (vs Strep pneumoniae)?
Disease? |
Viridans is NOT bile soluble and is Optochin RESISTANT (zone less than 13mm).
subacute endocarditis on damaged valves. |
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Like viridans strep but more virulent (deep abscesses, endocarditis, sepsis)?
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Anginosis group (alpha hemolytic):
-Strep anginosis/constellatus/intermedius. |
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Nutritionally variant Strep:
-what are the 2 types (genera)? -deficient in which nutrient? -which 2 methods allow it to grow on blood agar? |
Nutritionally variant Strep:
-2 types: Abiotrophia and Globicatella -B6/pyridoxal deficient -grow on agar with B6 supplement or -grow on agar with S. aureus streak (will satellite). what other organsim will satellite around S. aureus streak? |
Hemophilus influenza satellites around S. aureus streak (S. aureus provides V [NAD] and X [hemin - from hemolyzing blood agar])
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Gram negative cocci identification:
-all positive for what test? -what are the 4 species? -differentiate between them by what test? -gonococcus needs which special media (not blood agar)? |
Gram negative cocci identification:
-all oxidase + Species: 1. N. gonnorhoeae 2. N. meningitidis 3. N. lactamica 4. Moraxella/Barnhamella catarrhalis -differentiate by CTA sugar test with glu, mal, lac, suc. What pattern for each species? -gonococcus needs Thayer Martin |
CTA test (G,M,L,S)
1. N. gonnorhoeae (G) 2. N. meningitidis (GM) 3. N. lactamica (GML) 4. M/B. catarrhalis (all negative, but DNAase +) |
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Acinetobacter:
-Gram stain? -Can mimic which organism? -Normal flora where? -Resistant to which abx? -Infections in what setting? -List the 2 species. how to tell them apart? |
Acinetobacter:
-Gram stain? Gram negative diplococci -Can mimic which organism? N. gonorrhoeae. -Normal flora where? skin and vagina. (This is why you CANNOT diagnose gonorrhea on gram stain only in females - need culture or pcr confirmation. In males ok to dx gonorrhea on gram only.) -Resistant to which abx? Easily acquires resistant to MANY abx -Infections in what setting? Nosocomial -List the 2 species. how to tell them apart? Acinetobacter baumanii - glucose oxidizer Acinetobacter lwoffi - glucose NON-oxidizer |
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Neisseria meningitidis:
-what predisposes patient to chronic infection? -prophylaxis with? |
Neisseria meningitidis:
-complement deficiency 7,8,9- predisposes patient to chronic infection -prophylaxis with rifampin |
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Neisseria gonorrhoaea:
-what agar? -what kind of swab to collect? -when can you diagnose by direct gram stain only? |
Neisseria gonorrhoaea:
-thayer martin media -charcoal swab for collect/transport -diagnose by direct gram stain in MEN ONLY (not in women because acinetobacter is gram neg cocci and is normal vaginal flora) |
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Moraxella/Barnhamella catarrhalis:
-colony description? -biochem tests positive (2)? -diseases? |
Moraxella/Barnhamella catarrhalis:
-HOCKEY PUCK colonies on agar -oxidase + -DNAase + (but all CTA sugars neg) -diseases: pneumonia, otitis, eye, sinus |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae:
-gram stain? -biochem test? -type of toxin? -method to detect toxin? -two special medias and unique appearance/test with each? |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae:
-gram positive rods (diphtheroid. "chinese letters"). -catalase +. -phage mediated toxin -method to detect toxin: Elek immunoprecipitation Two medias: 1. Cystine Tellurite Agar (modified Tinsdale agar) - black colonies with brown halos 2. Loeffler's slant (then stain with methylene blue and look for metachromatic granules) |
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Corynebacterium urealyticum:
-assoc with which disease? -biochem test? |
Corynebacterium urealyticum:
-assoc with alkaline crusted cystitis -rapidly urease + |
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Describe Moraxella colonies on agar.
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Hockey puck colonies. Can push them around on agar.
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Deficiency in what makes someone susceptible to chronic N. meningitidis infection?
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Complement 7,8, and 9 deficiency
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Corynebacterium jeikeium resistent to most abx except for which 2?
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Susceptible to tetracycline and vancomycin.
Gram pos rod. skin flora. line infections and bacteremia. |
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Bacillus anthracis:
-gram stain? -colony appearance? |
gram + rods (boxcar). Catalase +
medusa head colonies Non-hemolytic, Non-motile |
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Bacillus cereus:
-gram stain? -difference from B. anthracis? |
gram + rods (boxcar). Catalase +
Beta hemolytic, Motile |
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Listeria monocytogenes:
-gram stain? -don't get it confused with which other organism? -Type of motility? Which special motility test for Listeria? Which temp for best motility? -Grows at what temp? -Disease? - |
Listeria monocytogenes:
-gram pos rods -could be confused with Strep pyogenes (Group A) because beta-hemolytic and rods may look kind of round like cocci. but it is Catalas POSITIVE unlike Strep which is neg. -TUMBLING motility. Umbrella stab test in agar tube for motility. Motility better at 25 degrees than at 35. -grows at 4 degrees (refrigerator!). dairy common source. -infection in pregnancy causes stillbirth. -Type of motility? Which special motility test for Listeria? Which temp for best motility? -Grows at what temp? -Disease? - |
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The only gram positive rod that produces H2S on a TSI (triple sugar iron) slant?
what disease? |
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. H2S turns TSI tube black.
Erysipeloid-skin infection acquired from swine |
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What beta-hemolytic catalase negative gram postive ROD causes pharyngitis?
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Arcanobacterium hemolyticum (a gram pos ROD). Don't confuse with Strep pyogenes which is a cocci!
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Enterobacteriacea are defined as gram negative rods that have 3 features:
1. 2. 3. |
Enterobacteriacea are defined as gram negative rods that have 3 features:
1. ferment glucose 2. reduce nitrate to nitrite 3. oxidase negative |
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Which 3 Enterobacteria ferment lactose (in addition to glucose)?
what agar will tell you this? |
1. E.coli
2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter lac positive will turn pink on MacConkey agar. |
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E. coli ferments which 3 sugars?
Has "green sheen" on which agar? |
1. glucose
2. lactose 3. indole * - unique for E. coli (as far as I know) green sheen on (Eosin Methylene Blue) EMB agar. link to pic below. http://www.google.com/search?hl=&q=emb+agar&sourceid=navclient-ff&rlz=1B3GGLL_enUS373US373&ie=UTF-8 |
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Pink mucoid colonies on MacConkeys. Patient has currant jelly sputum. what organism?
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Klebsiella
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Swarming on agar. Which organism?
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Proteus.
2 species. what are they and what sugar will tell them apart? |
P. vulgaris (indole +)
P. mirabilis (indole -) |
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Gram negative rod that makes red pigment?
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Serratia marcescens (red like a maraschino cherry)
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Gram negative rods that have black color or brick-red fluorescence under ultraviolet light?
1. 2. |
1. pigmented Prevotella
2. Porphyromonas |
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Salmonella sp:
-selective media (2)? -color on MacConkeys? -color in TSI slant? -Serologic antigen typing based on what system? -What antigens are typed? |
Salmonella sp:
-selective media: Hektoen and SS -lactose NEG - clear on MacConkey -black on TSI slant (H2S +) -Serologic antigen typing based on Kaufman-White scheme. -Uses O somatic antigen (cell wall), H flagellar antigen, and Vi antigen (Vi only in S. typhi) |
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Salmonella typhi
-Cause of which disease? -Carrier state when organism colonizes which organ? -Has which antigen that can mask the D antigen when trying to type it? -Appearance in TSI slant? |
Salmonella typhi
-Cause of which disease? Typhoid Fever -Carrier state when organism colonizes which organ? Gallbladder -Has which antigen that can mask the D antigen when trying to type it? Vi capsular antigen can mask the D somatic antigen. How can you remove Vi to expose D for typing? -Appearance in TSI slant? "moustache" of H2S (thin band of black around stab in TSI) |
Vi capsular antigen can mask the D somatic antigen. How can you remove Vi to expose D for typing?
Boil for 15 min to destroy Vi |
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Shigella:
-What are the 4 species (list by somatic antigen group A, B, C, D)? -Lac + or -? -2 ways to distinguish Shigella from Salmonella? |
Shigella:
-What are the 4 species (list by group A, B, C, D)? Grp A: Shigella dysenteriAe Grp B: Shigella flexneri (flexiBle) Grp C: Shigella boydii (now C here boy!) Grp D: Shigella sonnei (sunny D) -Lac + or -? -2 ways to distinguish Shigella from Salmonella? |
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Yersinia enterocolitica:
-What agar? -Classic clinical symptoms? Why? -Causes sepsis in which 2 scenarios? -Can grow well at what low temp? |
Yersinia enterocolitica:
-What agar? CNI agar (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin) -Classic clinical symptoms? Why? RLQ pain mimic appendicits. Because of mesenteric lymphadenitis. -Causes sepsis in which 2 scenarios? 1. Iron overload syndromes 2. From transfused pRBC's -Can grow well at what low temp? 4' C (Which other organism grows at 4' C?) |
(Which other organism grows at 4' C?)
Listeria |
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Yersinia pestis:
-What disease? What 2 forms? -Catalase and oxidase results? -Unique gram stain appearance? |
Yersinia pestis:
-What disease? What 2 forms? Plague. Bubonic form (swollen nodes) and Pneumonic form (leads to sepsis and death) -Catalase and oxidase results? Catalase+ Oxidase neg -Unique gram stain appearance? Gram neg rod with bipolar "safety pin" appearance |
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Vibrio cholera:
-Oxidase result? -Toxin type? MOA? -Enrich vibrio with which 2 additive/solutions? -Grows on which selective media? -Most virulent strain? |
Vibrio cholera:
-Oxidase result? Oxidase + (glucose fermenter) -Toxin type? MOA? A/B toxin - A is active subunit like usual for A/B toxins. Toxin ADP ribosylates G protein, activates adenylate cyclase -> inc. cAMP -> NaCl and H2O secretion (diarrhea) -Enrich vibrio with which 2 additive/solutions? Grows well in: 1. 1% salt 2. Alkaline peptone water -Grows on which selective media? TCBS agar (thio citrate bile sucrose). Ferments sucrose so turns yellow on TCBS. -Most virulent strain? Type 01. (classic or El Tor ?) |
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Vibrio parahemolyticus:
Disease? Get it from what? How to distinguish from V. cholera? |
Vibrio parahemolyticus:
Disease? Diarrhea Get it from what? Raw shellfish How to distinguish from V. cholera? Green on TCBS agar |
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Vibrio vulnificus:
-Clinical symptoms? -How do you get it? What patients most at risk? -Positive for which sugar? Appearance on TCBS agar? |
Vibrio vulnificus:
-Clinical symptoms? Hemorrhagic skin lesions (bullae). Also muscle necrosis, sepsis, 50% die. -How do you get it? What patients most at risk? Patient with LIVER Disease ate raw shellfish. -Positive for which sugar? Appearance on TCBS agar? Lac +, green or yellow on TCBS. |
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia:
-Gram? -Rapid oxidizer of which sugar? |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia:
-Gram? Gram neg rod -Rapid oxidizer of which sugar? Maltose (MALTOphilia) |
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How to determine if gram neg rod ferments, oxidizes, or assimilates glucose?
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Oxidative / Fermentative (OF) Sugar Reaction. Two tubes with glucose and green/yellow indicator. One tube covered by oil. Describe what you will see in the following:
Oxidize glucose? Ferment glucose? Assimilate glucose? |
Oxidize glucose: NO tubes yellow.
Ferment glucose: Both tubes yellow. Assimilate glucose: Only tube w/o oil yellow. |
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Pseudomonas sp.
-Colony appearance? -Glucose and oxidase tests? -Makes which 2 pigments? -Odor? |
Pseudomonas sp.
(How do you distinguish between Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. fluorescens/putida?) -Colony appearance: Mucoid -Glucose and oxidase tests: Glucose non-fermenter Oxidase+ -Makes which 2 pigments: 1. fluorescent pigment 2. pyocyanin (blue-green pigment) -Odor: Grape-like |
Ps. aeruginosa - grows at 42' C
Ps. fluorescens/putida- no growth at 42' C |
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Cystic fibrosis patient lung culture grows a gram negative rod with dry yellow colony on agar.
What organism? Oxidase result? |
Cystic fibrosis patient lung culture grows a gram negative rod with dry yellow colony on agar.
What organism: Burkholderia cepacia Oxidase NEG What other organism seen in CF? |
Ps. aeruginosa
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Nosocomial infection. Grows a gram neg rod with sweet fruity odor but no pyocyanin. It is oxidase +.
What organism? |
Nosocomial infection. Grows a gram neg rod with sweet fruity odor but no pyocyanin. It is oxidase +.
What organism: Alcaligenes (sweet fruity odor) |
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Gram negative rod that can cause fatal neonatal meningitis and septicemia? (could be more than one answer to this of course)
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Gram negative rod that can cause fatal neonatal meningitis and septicemia (could be more than one answer to this of course):
Flavobacterium (Chryseobacterium) meningosepticum |
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Haemophilus influenza:
-Gram? -Which agar? -Requires which 2 nutrients to grow? -Atmospheric requirement for growth? |
Haemophilus influenza:
-Gram neg rod (fastidious - hard to grow) -Which agar? 1. Chocolate agar 2. agar supplemented with X and V ---(won't grow on blood agar unless satellite growth around streak of S. aureus) -Requires which 2 nutrients to grow? 1. X (hemin) 2. V (NAD) -Atmospheric requirement for growth? High CO2 -Name 3 other Haemophilus species (and their X and V requirements): |
-Name 3 other Haemophilus species (and their X and V requirements):
1. H. parainfluenza (requires V only). flora. 2. H. aphrophilus (NO X or V needed!) - cause of abscesses and endocarditis 3. H. ducreyi (requires X only) - cause of CHANCROID |
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HACEK group:
-Gram? -Disease? -List 5 bacteria in group: |
HACEK group:
-Gram neg rods. Slow growing. -Disease: Endocarditis. Usually oral flora. -List 5 bacteria in group: 1. Haemophilus aphrophilus 2. Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans 3. Cardiobacterium hominis 4. Eikinella corrodens 5. Kingella kingii How do you distinguish between them? |
1. Haemophilus aphrophilus
oxidase and catalase NEG 2. Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans oxidase neg and catalase + 3. Cardiobacterium hominis oxidase + 4. Eikinella corrodens oxidase +, pits/corrodes agar 5. Kingella kingii oxidase +, hemolysis on blood agar Mnemonic: Hates ox and cat. A cat Cox Eik keeps ox in a pit King has hemolytic ox |
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Bordatella pertussis:
-Gram? -Where to sample for culture? -Requires what for transport and growth? Name the agar. -3 stages of pertussis? Which is most contagious? |
Bordatella pertussis:
-Tiny gram neg coccobacilli (can use fluorescent detection to see also) -Where to sample for culture: nasopharyngeal swab -Requires what for transport and growth: Charcoal (Regan Lowe Charcoal Agar). -3 stages of pertussis: 1. Prodromal (most contagious) 2. Catarrhal 3. Paroxysmal |
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Pasteurella multocida:
-Gram? -oxidase? -Grows on blood but not ____ agar? -Source of organism? -Drug of choice? |
Pasteurella multocida:
-small gram neg coccobacilli -oxidase + -Grows on blood but not MacConkey's agar (even though it is gram neg) -Source of organism: Cat and Dog bites. -What other organism from cat and dog bites? Gram is different from Pasteurella how? -Drug of choice: penicillin |
-What other organism from cat and dog bites? Gram is different from Pasteurella how?
Capnocytophyga canomorsus. gram neg rod but very pleomorphic. |
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Brucella sp:
-Gram? -Traditional culture media? -Culture which 2 specimen types? -Symptoms? -Name 4 species and their animal reservoirs: |
Brucella sp:
-Gram neg coccobacilli (tiny) -Traditional culture media: Casteneda biphasic blood culture bottles (14-21 days to grow) -Culture blood and bone marrow. -Symptoms: FUO and joint pain. -Name 4 species and their animal reservoirs: 1. B. abortus - raw cow milk 2. B. melitensis - raw goat milk 3. B. suis - pigs 4. B. canis - dogs |
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Campylobacter jejuni:
-Gram? -Special selective agar? -Growth temp and atmosphere? -How to distinguish from Campylobacter fetus? |
Campylobacter jejuni:
-small curved gram neg rods "seagulls" -Special selective agar: Skirrow's blood agar (has abx to kill other bacteria) -Growth temp and atmosphere? 42' C, microaerophilic. -How to distinguish from Campylobacter fetus? C. jejuni grows at 37 and 42 C. fetus grows at 37 and 25 ("It's hot in the jejunum!") |
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Capnocytophyga:
-Gram? -Colony appearance? -oxidase and catalase test? Source of infection? |
Capnocytophyga:
-Small pleomorphic fusiform gram neg rods -Colony appearance: Colonies with finger like projections. Gliding motility -oxidase and catalase both NEG -Source of infection: 1. C. canomorsus - dog and cat bite 2. other species - human oral flora, bacteremia in cancer patients with mouth ulcers |
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Francisella tularensis:
-Gram? -Need which nutrient to culture? -Source and transmission of infection? -Symptoms? |
Francisella tularensis:
-Small gram neg coccobacilli -Need which nutrient to culture: Cysteine -Source and transmission of infection: Rabbits and rodents. Can penetrate skin! (danger in lab workers or when skinning rabbits) -Symptoms (2 disease patterns): 1. skin ulcers and swollen LN 2. pulmonary disease |
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Legionella pneumophila:
-Gram? -Special agar? What nutrient is required? -Abx of choice: -What non-culture test can be used to dx? |
Legionella pneumophila:
-Gram stain doesn't work well on direct specimens. Can use silver stain on tissue. -Special agar: BCYE (Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract) -What nutrient is required? Cysteine -Abx of choice: Erythromycin -What non-culture test can be used to dx? Urinary antigen test |
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Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma:
-Special feature of cell wall? -Culture and transport media require what substance? -Special technique to read agar plates? -Name 3 main species and associated diseases: |
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma:
-Special feature of cell wall: Absent! No cell wall. Only have cell membrane with sterols. -Culture and transport media require: Sterols -Special technique to read agar plates: must read plates under microscope to see tiny colonies. What do Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis colonies look like under microscope? -Name 3 main species and associated diseases: 1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae - atypical/walking pneumonia 2. Mycoplasma hominis - female GU and neonatal/peripartum infxn 3. Ureaplasma urealyticum - female GU and neonatal/peripartum infxn (also spontaneous abortion) |
What do Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis colonies look like under microscope?
Ureaplasma urealyticum: steel wool/brillo pad colonies Mycoplasma hominis: fried egg colonies |
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Which diseases are caused by the following:
Bartonella henselae (name 3)? (what stain to see it in tissue?) Bartonella bacilliformis? Bartonella quintana? (What serological test to dx?) |
Which diseases are caused by the following:
-Bartonella henselae (name 3)? 1. Cat scratch disease - necrotizing lymphadenitis with neutrophils 2. Bacillary angiomatosis- cutaneous vascular proliferation in AIDS patients 3. Peliosis hepatis - hepatic vascular proliferation in AIDS patients what stain to see it in tissue? warthin-starry (silver stain) Bartonella bacilliformis? -Oroyo fever (Carrion's disease)- acute disease with fever, hemolytic anemia, bacilli in/on RBC's, may be fatal. Verruga Peruana (Peruvian wart) is the chronic form of Oroyo, with warty vascular proliferations on skin. Transmitted by sandfly.Only in Peru, Ecuador, Columbia. Bartonella quintana? Trench fever. Transmitted by human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). Quintan/five day relapsing fever. JRR Tolkien and CS Lewis both had disease during WW I. -Dx with serological test (Weil-Felix - agglutination test against O antigen. May also be used for Rickettsia, Proteus.) |
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Chlamydiae trachomatis:
-Best way to diagnose? -What method to culture? -What diseases does it cause (name 3)? |
Chlamydiae trachomatis:
-Best way to diagnose? PCR -What method to culture? spin down (?) shell vial culture -What diseases does it cause (name 3)? 1. Chlamydial STD 2. trachoma (eye infection) 3. Lymphogranuloma venereum (which serovars for LGV?) - painless genital ulcer (like a syphilis chancre) but then later get painful lymphadenopathy in groin |
Lymphogranuloma venereum (which serovars for LGV?)
L1, L2, L3 |
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Anaplasma lives in which type of cell? Vector?
Ehrlichia lives in which type of cell? Vector? |
Anaplasma lives in which type of cell?
-Granulocytes (it causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, formerly called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) -Vector is Amblyomma tick (lone star tick) Ehrlichia lives in which type of cell? -Monocytes (it causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis) -Vector is Ixodes tick |
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Which organism for each disease?
-Lyme's disease? Vector? -Relapsing fever? Vector? -Leptospirosis? Transmitted how? -Syphilis? |
Which organism for each disease?
-Lyme's disease? Borrelia burgdorferi. Vector - Ixodes tick -Relapsing fever? Bartonella recurrentis Vector - human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) -Leptospirosis? Leptospira Transmitted via contaminated water. Rats, pigs(?). -Syphilis? Treponema pallidum All of these organisms have what morphology? |
All of these organisms have what morphology?
-spirochetes |
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Bacteroides fragilis:
-Gram stain? -Culture conditions? -Differential/Selective media? |
Bacteroides fragilis:
-Gram neg pleomorphic rods -Culture conditions: ANAEROBIC -Bile/Esculin agar positive *B. fragilis is group of anaerobes (various Bacteroides species in group) that are GI flora. |
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What test to differentiate Bacteroides thetaiotamicrons from other members of Bacteroides fragilis group?
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Bacteroides thetaiotamicrons is INDOLE +
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Culture of oral abscess shows gram negative rod with spindle shape (pointed ends). What is it?
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Fusobacterium
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Clostridium spp:
Gram stain? -Clostridium perfringens: -Unique finding on blood agar? -Positive for what test? -Clostridium botulinum: -Name 2 types of transmission? -What kind of paralysis? -Toxin MOA? -Clostridium tetani: -shaped like what (on gram)? -What kind of paralysis? -Toxin MOA? -Clostridium difficile: -Makes which 2 toxins? -Which tests to detect toxins? Clostridium septicum: -If positive in blood culture, you need to tell the doc to rule out what? - |
Clostridium spp:
Gram + boxcar shaped rods with spores -Clostridium perfringens: -DOUBLE zone of hemolysis on blood agar -REVERSE CAMP test + -Clostridium botulinum: -Transmission 1. Infants eat honey (spores) 2. Adults eat home canned foods or fermented beavertail http://www2.cdc.gov/phtn/botulism/who/who.asp -FLACCID paralysis -Toxin MOA: blocks Ca++ channels on pre-synaptic axon terminal at NMJ -> blocks release of Ach ->no muscle contraction -Clostridium tetani: -shaped like tennis racke (b/c spore at end of rod) -SPASTIC paralysis -Toxin MOA: toxin goes to CNS, degrades synaptobrevin thus blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine, GABA) ->no motor inhibition -> muscle spasms. -Clostridium difficile: -Makes which 2 toxins? 1. enterotoxin (toxin A) 2. cytoxin (toxin B) -Which tests to detect toxins? -EIA or Latex agglutination detect both toxin A and B -Cell culture can detect toxin B only Clostridium septicum: -If positive in blood culture, you need to tell the doc to rule out CANCER. - |
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Actinomyces israelii:
-Gram stain? -Culture conditions? -Unique colony appearance in tissue? in broth? on agar? |
Actinomyces israelii:
-Gram + BRANCHING rod. NO spores. -Anaerobic -Unique colony appearances: -sulfur granules in tissue -bread crumb colonies in broth -molar tooth colonies on agar |
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Patient with cerebral shunt develops shunt nephritis. Anaerobic culture grows a pleomorphic non-branching gram positive rod. Diagnosis?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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What organism causes Tularemia?
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Francisella tularensis
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What organism causes Pertussis?
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Bordatella pertussis
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What organism causes chancroid?
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Hemophilus ducreyi
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What 2 organisms from dog bites?
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1. Pastuerella multocida
2. Capnocytophyga canimorsus |
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What organism causes Legionnaire's disease?
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Legionella pneumophila
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What organism causes granuloma inguinale?
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Calymnobacterium granulomatis
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What organism causes Rat Bite Fever?
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Streptobacillus moniliformis
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What organism causes Whipple's disease?
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Trophyrema whipplei
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What organism causes erysipeloid?
What organism causes erysipielus? |
erysipeloid - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
erysipielus - Grp A beta hemolytic strep (Strep pyogenes) |
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