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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 types of
Genetic Engineering of Theraputic Proteins, and their uses. |
1) Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA); storkes
2) Human Insulin; diabetis 3) Human Growth Hormone (hGH); growth defects 4) Factor VIII; blooding clotting (hemophilias) 5) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); helps heal wounds 6) Hepatitis B vaccine; help /c fighting infection |
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explain Vector.
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A "vehicle", such as a modified virus or DNA molecule, used to deliver genetic material into the body for gene therapy
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explain Restiction enzymes.
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Bacterial enzymes that cleave DNA at very specific locations
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5 kingdom classification system
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monera (bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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7 Divisions of Monera.
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1) Archaebacteria
2) Gram postitive 3) Mycoplasma 4) Cyanobacteria 5) spirochetes 6) Gram Negative 7) Rickettsias |
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describe Archaebacteria
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ancient bacteria found in harch environments. ie: Yellowstone, or glaciers
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describe Gram Positive bacteria
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containing peptidoglycan
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describe Mycoplasma
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wall-less bacteria - no cell wall, multi shaped
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describe Cyanobacteria
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bacteria which photosynthesis
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describe Spirochetes
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they move via axial fillaments
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describe Richettsias
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obligate intracellular parasites- they require a living host (a living cell) to survive.
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Bergey's manual of Systemic Bacteriology - what are it's divisions of Monera?
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Archae, Mycoplasma, Gram Positive, and Gram Negative
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7 terms of Sterilization and Disinfection
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1) sterilization
2) disinfectant 3) antiseptic 4) degerm 5) santization 6) germicide 7) Bacteriostat |
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define: Sterilization
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kills everything - including spores
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define: Disinfectant
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doesn't kill all organisms (doesn't kill spores)- works on inanimate objects
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define: Antiseptic
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Inhibits microbiotic growth- used on living tissue
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define: Degerm
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medical removal of microbes, use of alcohol (swabbing)
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Santization
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lowers numbers of microbes - high temps (dishwashing)
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define: germicide
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generic - kills microborganisms
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define: bacteriostate
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slows down growth of organisms - ie: refrigeration/freezing
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3 ways to disinfectant/antiseptics
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1) denature proteins
2) injure plasma membrane (alcohol; damages phospholipide bilayer) 3) damage DNA ( uv lights; Thymine dimer) |
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5 factors that influence microbial death
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1) number of organisms
2) microbial characteristics 3) pH 4) time 5) organic matter |
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how does number of organisms effect influence of microbial death?
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more organisms harder to kill off
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how does microbial characterists effect influence of microbial death?
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ie: mycobacteria - more lipids, compared to other bacteria, more resistant from drying out
ie: endospores - more difficult to kill off ie: gram - or gram +, + usually easier to kill off, due to relience to cell wall |
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how does pH effect influence of microbial death?
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heat /c pH, easier to kill off
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how is time an influence of microbial death?
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longer you expose organism disenfectents - more effective agent is on microbe
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how does organic matter effect influence microbial death?
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carbon source - food source
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physical methods of disenfecting
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heat and cold
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3 ways to use heat as a disenfecting agent.
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1) moist - autoclaves; /c high pressure you can achieve higher temps
2) dry - flame; less effective - longer time required in heat 3) pasteurization - heat up to 63C about 30 min (then cool down), takes care of most human pathogens |
