Microbiology 1

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first person to observe live bacteria and protozoa

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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developed an experimental procedure that could be used to prove that a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific disease

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Robert Koch

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developed vaccines for anthra and rabies

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Louis Pasteur

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theory of biogenesis..who

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Rudolf Virchow

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discovered the etiologic agent of plague

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Alexandre Emil Jean Yersin

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The most common causes of infectious diseases or
microbial intoxications

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pathogens

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Microorganisms that do not cause disease

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nonpathogens

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Microorganisms that usually do not cause disease, but
can cause disease under certain circumstances

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opportunistic pathogens

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The microorganisms that live on us and in us.

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indigenous microflora

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Organisms that live on dead &/or decaying organic matter

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saprophytes

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All infectious diseases are caused by

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pathogens

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nonpathogens greatly outnumber

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pathogens

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Using microorganisms to clean up the environment is known as

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bioremediation

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Microorganisms are essential in the field of

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genetic enginering

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Microorganisms probably appeared on earth about

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3.5 billion yrs ago

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experiments helped to prove that microorganisms cause disease...who?

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pastuer/koch

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made significant contributions to the “Germ Theory of Disease

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Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

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Pasteurization is a process that kills all ______ present in the liquid being pasteurized

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pathogens

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Microorganisms contribute more oxygen to our atmosphere than

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plants do.

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Infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are known as

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zoonoses

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Clearly defined cell nucleaus- single celled- protosynthesize their own food as plants do

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algae

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study of fungi

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mycology

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parasitic worms

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helminths

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study of viruses- do not produce their own ATP

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virology

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compose of proteins only- disease include mad cow disease

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prions

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lack a nucleus

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bacteria

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fungi exist as ---- forms

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multiple

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influenza is

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virus

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study of fungi

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mycology

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bubonic plague also known as

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black death

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bubonic plague claimed # lives

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25, 000, 000

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AIDS is a

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virus

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disproved theory of sponataneous generation

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pastuer

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Pasteur credited for creating which vaccine

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rabies

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pasteur pasturazation process for

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wine

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credited with developing techniques for pure culturing

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robert koch

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Koch won 1905 nobel peace prize for work on

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tuberculosis

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used material for smallpox lesion...earlier atempts to immunze called

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variolation

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successful smallpox vaccine used material from--- lesions

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cowpox

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who? formulation of cell theory...states cells are basic organizational unit of all living things

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Robert Hooke

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he discovered bacteria in 1676

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Anton van leewenhoak

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theory living organisms arise form nonliving things

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Francisco Redi- sponataneous generation

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showed maggots only developed on meat tht flies lay eggs on

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Francisco Redi

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eukaryotic unicellular

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protista

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father of chemotherapy- developed. widespread use of sulfa drugs. discovered drug tx for syphillis

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Paul Ehrlich

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accidently discovered 1st abt. pencillin, that saved thousands of lives WWII

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flemmin

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knew that microbes grew because of not sterilizing before pouring in broth to flask

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Needham's hypothesis

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proved sponataneous generation required air

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Spallanzani

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suggested dr's wash ahnds because babys where dying at deliver

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Semmelwels

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developed 1st anteseptic technique- faher of anteseptic surgery

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Lister

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majority of single celled with spherical, rod or spiral shapes no cell nucleus

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bacteria

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before nucleus no internal membrane

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prokaryotic

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true nucleus has internal membrame

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eukaryotic

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The theory that living organisms can arise from nonliving things

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spontaneous generation

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(singular: alga) Photosynthesis, eukaryotic organisms in the
kingdoms Protista and Plantae

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algae

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A chemical substance produced by microorganisms that can
inhibit the growth of or destry other microorganisms

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abt.

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Theory formulated by Schleiden and Schwann that cells are the
fundamental units of all living things

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cell theory

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(singular: Protozoan) Single-celled microscopic, animal-like
protists in the kingdom Protisia

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protozoa

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phycology is the study of

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algae

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organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment

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fungi

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he developed technique of pure culturing

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robert koch

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construction of swan neck vesse

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pasteur

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vaccine for rabies..who

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pasteur

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when an organism resistance to disease

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immunology

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development of new methods of disease prevention and detection...what is

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immunology

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he proved silkworm disease was caused by fungus

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Agostino Bassi

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Great Potatoe Blight of Ireland was caused by fungus

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m.j. berkeley

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stated disease of silkworm caused by a protozoan parasite

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pasteur

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developed system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds

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Lister

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developed techniques for culturing bacterial pathogens on solid growth media

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Koch

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constructed a bacterial filter that removed acteria led to discovery of viruss as disease causing agents

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charles chamberland

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smallpox..who

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Jenner

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before nucleus, no internal memebrane..includes only bacteria

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prokaryotic

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true nucleus, has membranes and organalles..etc. protistans, fungi, animals, helminths and plants

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eukaryotic

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suggested drs wash hands cut down on transmission and pt. deaths

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semmelweis

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cell theory that states cells are the nasic organization of living things..who

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Robert Hooke

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do not produce their own ATP (energy)

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viruses

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obtaining energy by making their own sugars using the sun in organic chemicals

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autotrophic

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depend on an outside source of organiz molecules

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heterophic

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mycologists study

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fungi

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phycologists study

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algae

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genetic molecule DNA discovered by

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James watson and Francis Crick

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pure culture done under leadership of?

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koch

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discovery of certain bacteria could fix atmospheric nitrogen is credited by

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winogradsky

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make thier own nutrients by photosynthesis

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bacteria

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bacillus shape

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rod

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coccus shape

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spherical

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strep and staphy shape

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spiral

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vibrio shape

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curved rod

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1. No living things arise by spontaneous generation,
2. microbes are everywhere - even in the air and dust,
3. and the growth of microbes causes dead plant & animal tissue to decompose & food to spoil (this led him to develop technique of pasteurization (1864) - developed to keep wine
from spoiling).

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3 things Pastuer experiments proved

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Koch's 4 Postules

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1. The causative agent must be present in every individual with the disease.
2. The causative agent must be isolated & grown in pure culture; with Frau Hesse's help, he
developed the
agar plate method (he tried potatoes, solidified gelatin, and then agar).
3. The pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into an experimental animal.
4. The causative agent must be reisolated from the experimental animal & reidentified in pure
culture.

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Bacteria, Archea are

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Prokaryote

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cell wall of peptidoglycan

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bacteria

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escherichia coli and streptococcus are examples of

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bacteria

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no cell wall found in extreme enviornments like hot springs

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archaea

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thermoplasma and halobacterium are examples of

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prokaryote

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Protezoa, algae and fungi are

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eukaryote

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made of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein...ex. flu or polio

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viruses

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usually single cell non potosynthetic often motile...ex diatoms, ciliates

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protozoa

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photosynthetic...green

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algae

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except for yeast grow as fine threads of cells, not photosynthetic..bread, mold, mushrooms and yeast

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fungi

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DNA not enclosed by a membrane...DNA is located in the nucleoid...divide by binary fission( DNA copied cell grows and then splits in 2)

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prokaryotic cells

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DNA enclosed by membrane to form a nucleus-membrane enclosed organelles, divid by mitosis( complicatd movements of chromosomes by miotic spindle)

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eukaryotic cells

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perform oxygenic photosynthesis (O2 is released) and nitrogen fixation

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cynobacteria

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eurokarytic cell do not fit into fungi, plantae or animalia kingdoms

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protista

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heterotrophic form spores no flagellated cells

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fungi

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fungi is

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single-celled
. multicellular
. microscopic
. macroscopic