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17 Cards in this Set
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Ascaris lumbricoides
Class? Nickname? Transmission/life cycle? 7 Morph? 1 Dz? 4 Dx? 3 Tx? 3 |
Nematodes/roundworms
Giant roundworm Ingest eggs -> larvae in SI -> penetrate & travel to lung -> larvae coughed up & swallowed -> 2nd time in SI -> adults (20-30 cm)-> produce eggs (feces) Usu asymptomatic Abd cramping Dry cough & fever when larvae in lungs Children -> malnutrition Fecal exam for eggs Sputum exam for larvae Eosinophilia Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel paramote |
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Necator americanus
Nickname? Class? Tranmission/life cycle? 7 Dz? 4 Dx? 3 Tx? 3 |
Hookworm
Nematodes/roundworms Filariform larvae penetrate b/t toes -> travel to lung -> cough & swallow -> SI 1st time -> adults (1 cm) -> eggs in feces -> in soil eggs hatch as larvae D/Abd pain/wt loss Fe def anemia Itching at site + rash Occasional cough w/ bloody sputum Fecal exam for eggs Sputum exam for larvae Eosinophilia Pyrantel pamoate Albendazole Mebendazole |
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Strongyloides stercoralis
Class? Transmission/life cycle? 11 Dz? 2 Dx? 5 Tx? 3 |
Nematodes/roundworm
Filariform larvae penetrate b/t toes -> travel to lung -> cough & swallow -> SI 1st time -> adults -> larvae (not eggs) -> feces or penetrate intestinal wall -> adults (2 mm) -> sexual repro -> eggs -> larvae V/D, anemia, wt loss Occassionally fatal from massive autoinfection Fecal exam for larvae (no eggs) Enterotest: ingest nylon string -> pull out larvae Sputum exam for larvae Eosinophilia Ab/Ag serum assay Ivermectin |
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Trichinella spiralis
Class? Transmission/life cycle? 7 Dz? 3 Dx? 4 Tx? 2 |
Nematodes/roundworms
Larvae in raw pork -> SI -> adult -> male in feces but female stay -> larvae -> blood -> muscle Fever, abd pain, diarrhea Muscle aches Larvae can migrate to brain Serologic test Muscle Bx Incr muscle enzymes Eosinophilia Mebendazole with steroids Cook/freeze pork |
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Trichuris trichiura
Class? Nickname? Transmission/life cycle? 5 Dz? 1 Dx? 2 Tx? 3 |
Nematodes/roundworms
Whipworm Ingest eggs -> SI -> adults (3-5 cm) -> eggs (football w/ polar bumps) -> soil (must incubate in most soil 3-6 wk so no autoinf) D/abd pain Fecal exam for eggs NO Eosinophilia Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate |
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Enterobius vermicularis
Nickname? Class? Transmission/life cycle? 4 Dz? 1 Dx? 3 Tx? 3 |
Pinworm
Nematode/roundworm Egg ingested -> SI -> adult (1 cm) -> female migrate to butt to excrete larvae Severe perianal itching Scotch tape test Examine perineum at night -> adults No eosinophilia Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate |
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Onchocerca volvulus
Class? Transmission? 1 Reservoir? 3 Morph? 2 Dz? 3 Mnemonic? Dx? 1 Tx? 3 |
Nematode/roundworm
Black fly in rivers/streams -> river blindness Humans Africa, Central & South America Threadlike adult roundworms Give birth to microfilariae (transmitted via black fly) Skin nodules: contain adult worms Allergic rxn to microfilariae & dead adult: pruritic rash w/ pigmentation; lizard skin River blindness if to eye Black flies, black skin nodules, black sight Skin Bx Ivermectin Alt: diethylcarbamazine Excise nodules |
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Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
Class? Transmission? 1 Reservoir? 2 Morph? 2 Dz? 3 Tx? 1 |
Nematode/roundworm
Mosquito transmit microfiliariae W in pacific islands, Africa B in SE Asia Threadlike adult worms Give birth to live offspring -> microfiliariae Filarial fever: febrile episodes assoc w/ HA & swollen LN Elephantiasis: w/ repeat inf, fibrous plug lymph sys -> thick, scaly skin covers Tropical pulm eosinophilia: HSR w/ hypereosinophilia Diethylcarbamazine |
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Dracunculus medinensis
Nickname? Class? Transmission? 3 Morph? 2 Dz? 1 Tx? 1 |
Guinea worm
Nematode/roundworm Larvae in African, Mid East & Indian freshwater crustaceans Ingested when drink freshwater Larvae penetrate intestine -> mature beneath skin Threadlike adult roundworm up to 100 cm Adult female poke body thru skin -> expose uterus -> release microfilariae Allergic Sx during release Drive small stick under worm body that looped out of skin -> slowly twisted each day |
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Cutaneous larva migrans
Common name? Transmission? 1 Morph? 1 Dz? 1 Dx? 1 Tx? 2 |
Dog hookworm
Occurs SE US Larvae of dog & cat tapeworm Creeping eruption: migrate beneath epidermis Bx of advancing rash Ivermectin Albendazole |
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Visceral larva migrans
Nickname? Class? Transmission? Morph? Dz? 1 Dx? 2 Tx? 2 |
Dog roundworm
Nematode/roundworm Ingest eggs Larvae cannot mature in humans Toxocariasisi: migration larvae thru body -> fever, diarrhea, wheezing, hep, visual loss from chorioretinitis Serology Eosinophilia Albendazole Mebendazole |
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Echinococcus
Class? Transmission/life cycle? 5 Dz? 4 Dx? 2 Tx?4 |
Cestode
Ingest eggs from dog stool -> larvae to tissue -> single hydatid usu -> can damage organs Usu b/t dogs & sheep Hydatid cyst dz: Liver: abd pain, palpable mass, biliary obstruction, can be fatal Lung: rupture cysts -> cough & chest pain Leakage -> severe allergic rxn CT/US of cysts Serology Surg to remove cyst: don't break cyst PAIR: percutaneous aspiration, infusion, reaspiration Albendazole/mebendazole as adjuvant |
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Schistosomes
Class? Spp? 3 Transmission? 3 Morph? 3 Dz? 5 Dx? 3 Tx? 3 |
Trematodes
Japonicum, mansoni, haematobium Penetrate thru exposed skin Can't multiply in humans (req freshwater) Intermediate host = snail Eggs -> mature larvae (cercariae) -> fe/male adults (molecular mimicry) Schistosomiasis Pruritic rash at site of penetration Katayama fever: intense transient itching, fever, hives, HA, wt loss, cough Complications: portal HTN, pulm HTN, infl polyps, Sq cell carcinoma of bladder w/ haematobium Demonstrate eggs in stool/urine Eosinophilia Liver US Praziquantel Disposal of human waste Destroy intermediate host |
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Taenia solium
Nickname? Class? Transmission? Morph? 4 Dz? 2 Dx? 4 Tx? 3 |
Pork tapeworm
Cestode Undercooked pork contain larvae Scolex w/ hooks <15 pairs proglottids Cystericercus: fluid-filled bladder w/ larvae Adult 2-8m usu asymptomatic Cysticercosis: SI -> muscle, CNS -> blindness or other neuro Fecal exam for eggs, proglottids CT/Bx of brain/muscle -> calcified cysticeroci; swiss cheese Eosinophilia Praziquantel + ALBENDAZOLE Niclosamide 2nd line |
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Taenia saginata
Nickname? Class? Transmission? Morph? 3 Dz? 2 Dx? 1 Tx? 2 |
Beef tapeworm
Cestode Undercooked beef contain larvae Scolex w/ no hooks >15 pairs proglottids 10m Usu asymptomatic Abd discomfot, wt loss, diarrhea Fecal exam for eggs, proglottids Praziquantel Niclosamide 2nd line |
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Diphyllobathrium latum
Nickname? Class? Transmission? Morph? 1 Dz? 2 Dx? 1 Tx? 2 |
Fish tapeworm
Cestode Larvae in raw freshwater fish Can grow 45 m Nonspecific abd Sx Vit B12 def -> megaloblastic anemia Fecal exam of eggs, proglottids Praziquantel Niclosamide 2nd line |
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Hymenolepsis nana
Nickname? Class? Transmission? 2 Morph? 2 Dz? 2 Dx? 1 Tx? 2 |
Dwarf tapeworm
Cestode Ingest fertilized eggs Auto-inf Adults 15-50 mm Eggs are inf Usu asymptomatic Occasional abd discomfort/N/V Fecal exam for eggs b/c proglottids too small to see Praziquantel Niclosamide 2nd line |
