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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Upper respiratory infections
(causitive agents) |
1.streptococcus group A
2.streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Upper respiratory infections
(symptoms) |
localized infection characterized by:
1. inflammation 2. congestion 3. mild fever if any |
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Upper respiratory infections
(Treatment) |
1. antibiotic of choice (ABC)
2. non-specific supportive measures |
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Upper respiratory infections
(types) |
pharyngitis (sore throat), laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media (mid. ear infection)
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Upper respiratory infections
(epidemiology) |
resevoir - human
transmission - usually endogenous, airborne droplets, formites, and direct contact prevention - personal hygiene (PBH), healthy resistance, proper humidity, Hib vaccine |
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
(c.a) |
streptococcus pneumoniae
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pneumococcal pneumonia
(symptoms) |
fever, chills, sob, chest pain, cough....
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
(transmission) |
fomites, usually endogenous, direct contact
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
(prevention) |
care of previous URI, pneumovax
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Hib vaccine
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2, 4, 6, 15-18 months
(URI, other bacterial pneumonia, secondary bacterial meningitis) |
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DTaP
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2, 4, 6, 18 months, 5/6 years
(whooping cough, diptheria) |
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MMR
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15-18 months, 5/6 years
(mumps, measles, rubella (german measles)) |
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Smallpox
(symptoms) |
fever, chills, rash
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Smallpox
(prevention) |
1st disease to be eradicated (polio should be next)
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Infectious mononucleosis
(causative agent) |
virus
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Infectious mononucleosis
(symptoms) |
fever, sore throat, swollen glands, liver dysfunction leading to jaundice, enlarged spleen
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infectious mononucleosis
(treatment) |
none specific
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infectious mononucleosis
(resevoir) |
humans, and other primates
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infectious mononucleosis
(transmission) |
direct contact
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infectious mononucleosis
(prevention) |
none specific, disinfection of contaminated infected items
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Shingles --> zoster
**chronic disease (Symptoms) |
ages 40+ w/childhood history of chickenpox, painful rash, patches on one side of the body, affects the dorsal nerve of the skin,
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Shingles --> zoster
**chronic disease (treatment) |
none specific
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Shingles -->zoster
**chronic disease (reservoir) |
human
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Shingles -->zoster
**chronic disease (transmission) |
direct contact, fomites, droplets
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Shingles -->zoster
**chronic disease (prevention) |
isolation from preggers(congenital can be lethal), zostovax, gamma globulin
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Chicknpox -->varicella
(Symptoms) |
fever, general malaise, itching, eruptions (called "pocks") first on trunk, then rest of body, lesions crust as they heal
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Chickenpox -->varicella
(treatment) |
none specific
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Chickenpox -->varicella
(transmission) |
direct contact, fomites, droplets
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Chickenpox -->varicella
(prevention) |
isolation from preggers (congenital is lethal), gamma globulin, varivax
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German Measles --> Rubella
**aka 3 day measles (symptoms) |
begins with cold, rash on face, then spreads to chest and trunk lasting 3 days, 1-2 days of fever, virus lasts 5 days, koplik spots, photosensitivity, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes
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German Measles -->Rubella
**aka 3 day measles (treatment) |
none-specific
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German Measles --> Rubella
**aka 3 day measles (transmission) |
fomites, placenta, droplets
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German measles --> Rubella
**3 day measles (prevention) |
isolation, MMR, gamma globulin, if congenital, could lead to deafness, mental retardation, or possibly death of child.
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Measles --> Rubeola
**aka red/hard measles ***most easily transmitted of all diseases (Symptoms) |
starts with cold symptoms, 3/4 days w/rash on neck then chest and trunk of body, 104/104* temp, Koplik spots (blueish color in throat), photosensitive, rash fades in 7/10 days
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Measles --> Rubeola
**aka red/hard measles ***most easily transmitted of all diseases (treatment) |
non specific
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Measles --> Rubeola
**aka red/hard measles ***most easily transmitted of all diseases (transmission) |
droplets, fomites
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Measles --> Rubeola
**aka red/hard measles ***most easily transmitted of all diseases (prevention) |
isolation, MMR, gamma globulin
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Mumps
(symptoms) |
systemic, fever, pain, swelling in parotid glands, salivary glands, testes, ovaries, thyroid and CNS which can lead to meningoencephalitis
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Mumps
(treatment) |
none specific, gamma globulin may reduce sterility
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Mumps
(transmission) |
urine (not highly contagious), fomites, droplets
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Mumps
(prevention) |
MMR, isolation
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Common cold
(symptoms) |
congestion, coughing, sneezing, mild fever, nasal exudate
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Common cold
(treatment) |
non specific, supportive measures
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Common cold
(transmission) |
direct contact, airborne, fomites
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Common cold
(prevention) |
PBH
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Influenza types A, B and C
(symptoms) |
fever, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, coughing, fatigues, mahor complication is secondary bacterial pneumonia
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Influenza types A, B and C
(treatment) |
non-specific
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Influenza types A. B and C
(transmission) |
droplets, direct contact, airborne, fomites
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Influenza types A, B and C
(prevention) |
isolation, vaccine
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Tuberculosis
(causative agent) |
mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis
(symptoms) |
fever, fatigue, weight loss, 90% of cases affect the lungs
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Tuberculosis
(treatment) |
ABC
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Tuberculosis
(reservoir) |
humans, cattle (through milk)
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Tuberculosis
(transmission) |
fomites, droplets, infected milk and meat (not highly communicable)
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Tuberculosis
(prevention) |
BCG vaccine, isolation, pasteurized milk, herd testing
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Diphtheria
(causative agents) |
cornyebacterium diptheria
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Diphtheria
(symptoms) |
begins as a URI, bullneck, double vision, fibrinous exudates could lead to asphyxiation, swelling and inflammation
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Diphtheria
(transmission) |
fomites, droplets, direct contact, asymptomatic carriers
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Diphtheria
(prevention) |
strict isolation, DTaP
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DTaP vaccine for..
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diphtheria
tetanus pertussis |
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MMR vaccine for..
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mumps
measles rubella (german measles) |
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Whooping Cough
***pertussis (causative agent) |
bordetella pertussis
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Whooping Cough
***pertussis (symptoms) |
signs of a common cold, excess mucus, violent cough ending w/an involuntary whoop for breath, eyes have broken blood vessels
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Whooping Cough
***pertussis (transmission) |
fomites, droplets, direct contact
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Whooping Cough
***pertussis (prevention) |
DTaP, isolation
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Sequelae of Group A streptococcal infections:
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1. rheumatic fever
2. glomerular disease 3. erythema nodosum |
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Sequelae of group A strep infections
*** flesh eating bacteria (causative agent) |
delayed hypersensitive reactions to streptococcal antigens can be a result of recurring strep infections
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Sequelae of group A strep infections
*** flesh eating bacteria (symptoms) |
fever, carditis, polyarthritis, hematuria, albuminuria, painful tender lumps on front of legs below the knees
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Sequelae of group A strep infections
*** flesh eating bacteria (transmission) |
fomites, droplets
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Sequelae of group A strep infections
***flesh eating bacteria (prevention) |
therapy of initial strep, ABC prophylaxis
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Streptococcal Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever
**secondary to strep throat (causative agent) |
Streptococcus pyogenes
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Streptococcal Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever
**secondary to strep throat (symptoms) |
strawberry tongue, localized edema, reddening, fever, rash, white dots on throat and palate
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Streptococcal Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever
**secondary to strep throat (transmission) |
fomites and droplets
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Streptococcal Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever
**secondary to strep throat (prevention) |
isolation, PBH
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Secondary Bacterial Meningitis
(causative agent) |
streptococcus pneumoniae
streptococcus pyogenes |
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Secondary Bacterial Meningitis
(symptoms) |
begins as a URI, sudden fever, severe headache, pain/stiff neck, death possibility within 48 hours, LD₈₅ untreated, LD₁₀_₁₅ treated
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Secondary Bacterial Meningitis
(transmission) |
endogenous, droplets, direct contact, fecal-oral route
sbm = ed,dc,for |
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Secondary Bacterial Meningitis
(prevention) |
Hib, PBH
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Meningococcal Meningitis
**epidemic meningitis -->most severe form (causative agent) |
Neisseria Meningitidis
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Meningococcal Meningitis
**epidemic meningitis --> most severe form (symptoms) |
begins with a URI, sudden fever, severe headache, death possibility within 48 hours, LD₈₅ untreated, LD₁₀_₁₅
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Meningococcal Meningitis
**epidemic meningitis --> most severe form (transmission) |
droplets, fomites, direct contact, asymptomatic carriers
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Meningococcal Meningitis
**epidemic meningitis --> most severe form (prevention) |
meningococcal vaccine, isolation for 24 hours after administration of antibiotics
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Other Bacterial Infections
(causative agent) |
streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus
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Other Bacterial Infections
(symptoms) |
fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough (sputum w/blood) may cause scar tissue
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Other Bacterial Infections
(transmission) |
endogenous, direct contact, airborne, fomites
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Other Bacterial Infections
(prevention) |
Hib vaccine, proper care of previous URIs
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