Microbio Test 2

Front 1

extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Back 1

accumulation of polymers that gives biofilm its slimy appearance

Front 2

primary metabolites

Back 2

compounds synthesized during log phase

Front 3

secondary metabolites

Back 3

synthesized during late log & secondary phase

Front 4

extremophiles

Back 4

archea

Front 5

psychrophiles

Back 5

between -5c and 15c

Front 6

psychrotrophiles

Back 6

between 20c and 30c; spoilage in refrigerated foods

Front 7

mesophiles

Back 7

between 25c and 45c; E. coli

Front 8

thermophiles

Back 8

between 45c and 70c

Front 9

hyperthermophiles

Back 9

70+c; usually Archea

Front 10

obligate aerobe

Back 10

require oxygen for growth; ex. micrococcus

Front 11

facultative anaerobe

Back 11

ferments w/out oxygen, respiration with oxygen; ex. E. coli

Front 12

obligate anaerobe

Back 12

dies from oxygen; ferments; ex. clostridium

Front 13

Microaerophiles

Back 13

require 5-10% oxygen; ex. Helibactor

Front 14

aerotolerant anaerobe

Back 14

obligate fermenter; not bothered by oxygen; ex. Streptococcus

Front 15

Staphylococcus vs. Streptococcus

Back 15

staph: catalase +

strep: catalase -

Front 16

neutrophiles

Back 16

grow btwn pH 5 & pH 7

Front 17

acidophiles

Back 17

less than pH 5.5

Front 18

alkaliphiles

Back 18

greater than pH 8.5

Front 19

halotolerant

Back 19

grow in 10% NaCl

Front 20

halophile

Back 20

prefers NaCl to grow

Front 21

extremophile

Back 21

require 9% NaCl or more to grow

Front 22

fastidious

Back 22

require exact growth factors; ex. neisseria

Front 23

blood agar

Back 23

non-fastidious; differential

Front 24

chocolate agar

Back 24

fastidious

Front 25

glucose-salts agar

Back 25

use to study nutritional requirements of bacteria

Front 26

MacConkey agar

Back 26

Gram (-) rods; reside in intestine. Selective b/c bile salts and dyes inhibit Gram + organisms and Gram - cocci. Differential b/c pH indicator turns pink/red when lactose is fermented

Front 27

Nutrient agar

Back 27

nonfastidious

Front 28

Thayer-Martin agar

Back 28

used for Neisseria; fastidious; selective b/c contains antibiotics for other organisms

Front 29

beta hemolysis

Back 29

clear zone around colony on blood agar

Front 30

alpha hemolysis

Back 30

green around colonies

Front 31

what genre creates endospores?

Back 31

Bacillus and Clostriduim

Front 32

protozoan cysts and oocytes

Back 32

disinfectant-resistant; excreted in feces; easily destroyed by boiling

Front 33

what makes mycobacterium resistant to chemicals?

Back 33

waxy cell walls

Front 34

what genre causes known healthcare-related illnesses?

Back 34

Pseudomonas

Front 35

critical instruments

Back 35

come in direct contact with body tissues

Front 36

semicritical instruments

Back 36

contact with mucous membranes but doesn't penetrate tissue; spores don't matter

Front 37

high-level disinfectants

Back 37

destroys all but endospores

Front 38

intermediate-level disinfectants

Back 38

destroys all vegetative bacteria, fungi, and most viruses

Front 39

low-level disinfectants

Back 39

destroy fungi, enveloped viruses, and bacteria except Mycobacteria

Front 40

glycolysis

Back 40

generates 2 net ATP by SLP; 2 NADH and 2 H+; 6 precursor metabolites

Front 41

pentose phosphate pathway

Back 41

generates NADPH and H+; 2 precursor metabolites

Front 42

transition step

Back 42

repeated twice (2 mol pyruvate) to generate 2NADH and 2H+; 1 precursor metabolite

Front 43

TCA cycle

Back 43

repeated twice (2 acetyl groups) to generate 2 ATP by SLP; 6 NADH and 6H+; 2 FADH2; 2 precursor metabolites

Front 44

where are protons released in prokaryotes?

Back 44

outside the cell

Front 45

where are protons released in eukaryotes?

Back 45

matrix region between inner and outer membranes-- proton motive force created

Front 46

quinones

Back 46

lipid-soluble organic molecules that move freely inside the membrane and transfers electrons

Front 47

cytochromes

Back 47

proteins that contain heme; used to identify Neisseria, Pseudomonas, and Campylobactor

Front 48

how does penicillin work?

Back 48

keeps peptide bond from forming

Front 49

how do lysozymes work?

Back 49

cuts glycolic bond between NAG and NAM

Front 50

When is S. marcescens red?

Back 50

22C

Front 51

when is S. marcescens white?

Back 51

37C

Front 52

point mutation

Back 52

only a single base pair involved

Front 53

silent mutation

Back 53

doesn't change phenotype or amino acid

Front 54

missense mutation

Back 54

changes amino acid coded

Front 55

nonsense mutation

Back 55

generated a stop codon; shortened protein

Front 56

null or knockout mutation

Back 56

inactivates a gene

Front 57

frameshift mutation

Back 57

addition or deletion of an even number of nucleotides

Front 58

transposon

Back 58

piece of DNA that "jumps" location on a genome