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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Two types of cellular organization
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Animals & Protista
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Bacteria & Archaea
Prokaryotic
Cell type
Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Glycocolax
Prokaryote
Cell Type
Cell wall, Circular DNA, Cell Membrane
Prokaryote
Cell Type
Cell wall, Chromosomal DNA, Ribosomes
Eukaryote
Cell Type
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria
Eukaryote
Cell Type
Nucleus, Cell Wall
Eukaryote
Maintaining an internal equilibrium
Homeostasis
Communal association of prokaryotes
Biofilm
T/F
Prokaryotes carry out many of the same processes as Eukaryotes
TRUE
Bacteria with no cell wall
Mycoplasmas
Photosynthetic Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Animal-like Prokaryotes
Protozoa
Unicellular algae
Photosynthetic
Eukaryotes
Diatoms & Dinoflagellates
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Fungi
Eukaryote
Inert particles
DNA/RNA with protein casing
Virus
Published Systema Naturae
Carolus Linnaeus
Science of classification
Taxonomy
Proposed Five Kingdom system
Robert Whittaker & Lynn Margulis
Five Kingdoms
Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista, Monera
Proposed Three Domain system
Carle Woese
Three Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
Rod shape
Baccillus
T/F
Baccillus can be single or chain
TRUE
Spherical shape
Coccus
T/F
Coccus can appear in groups or chains
TRUE
Comma shaped
Vibrios
Helical
Spirilla
Coil
Spirochete
Pair
Diplo
Group of Four
Tetrad
Cluster Arrangement
Staphylo
Bacterial processes
Respond to stimuli, compartmentalization of metabolism and growth & reproduction
Long appendages extending from surface of cell
Flagella
Single Flagella
Monotrichous
Many flagella at both ends
Amphitrichous
Many flagella at one end
Lophotrichous
Many flagella all over
Peritrichous
Moving up the concentration gradient
Chemotaxis
Parts of a Flagellum
Helical filament, hook, basal body
Parts of a Basal Body
Outer membrane, Peptidoglycan layer, cell membrane
Protein fibers extending from surface
Pili
Purpose of pili
Attaching to surfaces, form microcolonies and biofilm, conjugation pili
Conjugation Pili purpose
Transfer of genetic material
Outer layer external to cell membrane
Glycocolax
Adhering layer of polysaccharides & sometimes small proteins
Glycocolax
Thick Glycocolax
Capsule
Think Glycocolax
Slime Layer
Glycocolax purpose
Protection, adhering to surfaces
Tough external shell
Cell Wall
Cell Wall purpose
protect from injury, maintain shape, aids in water balance
Types of cell wall
Gram positive, Gram negative
Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan layer, amino acids, large structure & open design
Gram Positive
Cell Wall
Think peptidoglycan layer, gap between cell membrane, Lipopolysaccharide layer
Gram Negative
Polar Heads & Tails
Porin Proteins
LPS layer
Lipid A layer (toxic)
Peptidoglycan layer
Interface between cell environment & cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Fluid layer of phospholipids and proteins
Cell membrane
Hydrophobic fatty acids arranged in a lipid bilayer
Cell membrane
Cell Membrane functions
Cell wall synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule transport
Antimicrobial effects on cell membrane
Antibiotic induced lysis. Death
Center of growth and metabolism
Cytoplasm
Sub-compartment containing the chromosome
Nucleoid
Bacterial DNA is arranged
in a closed loop
Complete set of genes
genome
Cells contain only one copy of each gene
Haploid
___ tells which proteins to make
DNA
____ facilitate intracellular functions
proteins
Enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and vital metabolism
proteins
Protein roles
Structural, mechanical, cell signaling, immune response, cell adhesion
Molecules of DNA smaller than the chromosome
plasmid
closed loop containing 5-100 genes
plasmid
T/F
Plasmids can be transferred between cells
TRUE
Can be used as vectors in genetic engineering
Plasmid
Used for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Store nutrients or building blocks for cellular structures
Inclusion bodies
Used to float
Gas vesicles
Contain crystals of magnetite or greigite
magnetosomes
Allows cell to respond to magnetic fields
Magnetosomes