Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two types of cellular organization
|
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
|
|
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Animals & Protista |
Eukaryotic
|
|
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Bacteria & Archaea |
Prokaryotic
|
|
Cell type
Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Glycocolax |
Prokaryote
|
|
Cell Type
Cell wall, Circular DNA, Cell Membrane |
Prokaryote
|
|
Cell Type
Cell wall, Chromosomal DNA, Ribosomes |
Eukaryote
|
|
Cell Type
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria |
Eukaryote
|
|
Cell Type
Nucleus, Cell Wall |
Eukaryote
|
|
Maintaining an internal equilibrium
|
Homeostasis
|
|
Communal association of prokaryotes
|
Biofilm
|
|
T/F
Prokaryotes carry out many of the same processes as Eukaryotes |
TRUE
|
|
Bacteria with no cell wall
|
Mycoplasmas
|
|
Photosynthetic Bacteria
|
Cyanobacteria
|
|
Animal-like Prokaryotes
|
Protozoa
|
|
Unicellular algae
Photosynthetic Eukaryotes |
Diatoms & Dinoflagellates
|
|
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Fungi |
Eukaryote
|
|
Inert particles
DNA/RNA with protein casing |
Virus
|
|
Published Systema Naturae
|
Carolus Linnaeus
|
|
Science of classification
|
Taxonomy
|
|
Proposed Five Kingdom system
|
Robert Whittaker & Lynn Margulis
|
|
Five Kingdoms
|
Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista, Monera
|
|
Proposed Three Domain system
|
Carle Woese
|
|
Three Domains
|
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
|
|
Rod shape
|
Baccillus
|
|
T/F
Baccillus can be single or chain |
TRUE
|
|
Spherical shape
|
Coccus
|
|
T/F
Coccus can appear in groups or chains |
TRUE
|
|
Comma shaped
|
Vibrios
|
|
Helical
|
Spirilla
|
|
Coil
|
Spirochete
|
|
Pair
|
Diplo
|
|
Group of Four
|
Tetrad
|
|
Cluster Arrangement
|
Staphylo
|
|
Bacterial processes
|
Respond to stimuli, compartmentalization of metabolism and growth & reproduction
|
|
Long appendages extending from surface of cell
|
Flagella
|
|
Single Flagella
|
Monotrichous
|
|
Many flagella at both ends
|
Amphitrichous
|
|
Many flagella at one end
|
Lophotrichous
|
|
Many flagella all over
|
Peritrichous
|
|
Moving up the concentration gradient
|
Chemotaxis
|
|
Parts of a Flagellum
|
Helical filament, hook, basal body
|
|
Parts of a Basal Body
|
Outer membrane, Peptidoglycan layer, cell membrane
|
|
Protein fibers extending from surface
|
Pili
|
|
Purpose of pili
|
Attaching to surfaces, form microcolonies and biofilm, conjugation pili
|
|
Conjugation Pili purpose
|
Transfer of genetic material
|
|
Outer layer external to cell membrane
|
Glycocolax
|
|
Adhering layer of polysaccharides & sometimes small proteins
|
Glycocolax
|
|
Thick Glycocolax
|
Capsule
|
|
Think Glycocolax
|
Slime Layer
|
|
Glycocolax purpose
|
Protection, adhering to surfaces
|
|
Tough external shell
|
Cell Wall
|
|
Cell Wall purpose
|
protect from injury, maintain shape, aids in water balance
|
|
Types of cell wall
|
Gram positive, Gram negative
|
|
Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan layer, amino acids, large structure & open design |
Gram Positive
|
|
Cell Wall
Think peptidoglycan layer, gap between cell membrane, Lipopolysaccharide layer |
Gram Negative
|
|
Polar Heads & Tails
Porin Proteins LPS layer Lipid A layer (toxic) |
Peptidoglycan layer
|
|
Interface between cell environment & cytoplasm
|
Cell membrane
|
|
Fluid layer of phospholipids and proteins
|
Cell membrane
|
|
Hydrophobic fatty acids arranged in a lipid bilayer
|
Cell membrane
|
|
Cell Membrane functions
|
Cell wall synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule transport
|
|
Antimicrobial effects on cell membrane
|
Antibiotic induced lysis. Death
|
|
Center of growth and metabolism
|
Cytoplasm
|
|
Sub-compartment containing the chromosome
|
Nucleoid
|
|
Bacterial DNA is arranged
|
in a closed loop
|
|
Complete set of genes
|
genome
|
|
Cells contain only one copy of each gene
|
Haploid
|
|
___ tells which proteins to make
|
DNA
|
|
____ facilitate intracellular functions
|
proteins
|
|
Enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and vital metabolism
|
proteins
|
|
Protein roles
|
Structural, mechanical, cell signaling, immune response, cell adhesion
|
|
Molecules of DNA smaller than the chromosome
|
plasmid
|
|
closed loop containing 5-100 genes
|
plasmid
|
|
T/F
Plasmids can be transferred between cells |
TRUE
|
|
Can be used as vectors in genetic engineering
|
Plasmid
|
|
Used for protein synthesis
|
Ribosomes
|
|
Store nutrients or building blocks for cellular structures
|
Inclusion bodies
|
|
Used to float
|
Gas vesicles
|
|
Contain crystals of magnetite or greigite
|
magnetosomes
|
|
Allows cell to respond to magnetic fields
|
Magnetosomes
|