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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Causative agent of Anthrax?
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Bacillus anthracis, G+, spore forming rod
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Transmission of Anthrax?
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- spores germinate on contact with human tissues
- violin bows, leather jackets, bioterrorism |
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Types of anthrax (3):
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- Pulmonary/inhalation: Woolsorter's disease (worst kind)
- Gastrointestinal: consumption of contaminated meat - Cutaneous (inoculation of spores into skin) |
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Pathogenicity of Anthrax?
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- thick capsules on cells hard to phagocytose
- produce 3 types of toxins that work together to kill host 1. Edema factor (EF): convert ATP to cAMP and causes swelling 2. Protective antigen (PA): helps bacteria bind human cells 3. Lethal factor (LF): causes death of human cells |
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Symptoms of Anthrax?
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- bloody black fluid results from tissue destruction
1. Pulmonary leads to blood infection with hemorrhaging; initial symptoms are common cold, is fatal 2. GI- violent dysentery: 25-60% fatal 3. Cutaneous: black crusted lesions, death is rare unless infection gets to blood |
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Treatment and Prevention of Anthrax?
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- Penicillin
- cipro and doxycycline used if bacteria is resistant to penicillin - Prevent by burying in lime or incineration - Vaccinate with Cell free filtrate of B. anthracis - 6 shots in 18 months |
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Causative agent of Tetanus?
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Clostridium tetani, G+, anaerobic spore former
- found in intestines of many animals |
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Transmission of Tetanus?
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animal bites, rusty nails, broken glass, body piercing
- feces excreted in soil, soil introd. to wound, anaerobic environ. spurs vegetative growth |
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Pathogenicity of Tetanus:
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Toxins are produced (Tetanospasmin), inhibits relaxation pathway following muscle contraction. Toxin spreads not bacteria
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Symptoms of Tetanus (3):
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rapid developing muscle stiffness, reduced breathing
1. Trismus: lockjaw, clenched teeth, jaw muscle spasm 2. Risus Sardonicus: grinning caused by facial spasms 3. Opisthotonus: arching of back |
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Treatment of Tetanus:
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dark quiet rooms, sedatives, antitoxin and antibiotics
- vaccinate with DTaP - tetanospasmin toxoid requires boosters |
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Three different types of plagues: the agent and the vector.
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Causative agent for all: Yersinia Pestis, G- rod, bipolar staining like safety pin
Sylvatic: vector= fleas from ground squirrels, prarie dogs, wild rodents Urban plague: rats- Xenopsylla cheopsis (rat fleas) Pneumonic plague: person to person airborne droplets- death in 2 days: 100% mortality |
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Causative agent of Bubonic plague?
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Yersinia pestis, G- rod
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Transmission of Bubonic Plague?
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Xenopsylla cheopsis: rat flea, bites different animals; and airborne droplets from humans
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Pathogenicity of Bubonic plague?
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Blood disease- bacteria multiply in blood stream and localize in lymph nodes.
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Symptoms of Bubonic plague?
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Buboes: hemorrhaging and swelling in lymph nodes
Rosies: hemorrhaging on skin resultin in dark purplish spots |
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Treatment of Bubonic plague:
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antibiotics (Erythromycin, streptomycing)
Vaccinate with deat Y. pestis for high risk professions like forest rangers |
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What is Septicemic plague?
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Yersinia pestis; bacilli overwhelms circulatory system; 50% mortality rate
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Causative agent of Lyme disease?
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Borrelia burgdorferi, G- microaerophilic spirochete
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Transmission of Lyme disease?
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Ticks are vectors:
Ixodes scapularis: deer ticks in NE and MW Ixodes pacificus: woodrat tick in W |
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Pathogenicity of Lyme disease?
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Human picks up infected ticks. Tick penetrates skin and eats blood meal and efecates into wound depositing spirochetes.
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Symptoms of Lyme disease? (3 stages)
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1. Early localized: Erythema chronicum migrans: does not itch, flu like symptoms; bullseye rash
2. Early disseminated: joint pain- irreversitble arthritis 3. Late chronic: headaches, loss of muscle tone, losing hearing and vision, damage to CVS and NS, mortality rate not high |
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Treatment of Lyme disesase?
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tetracycline or penicillin at early localized stage
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Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Ticks:
Dermacentor andersonii: wood tick Dermacentor variabilis: dog tick Amblyomma: tick |
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Pathogenicity of R. Mtn. Spotted Fever?
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Tick defecates into host and transmits agent
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Symptoms of Rocky Mtn. spotted fever?
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high fever, spotted rash: starts as Macules (pink spots), then as Papules (pimples showing small blood vessel damage), then Maculopapular rash from extremities to trunk
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Treatment of Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever?
Diagnosis? |
Tetracycline, chloramphenicol
- Diagnose with Weil-Felix test (agglutination) serum w/ Proteus OX19- Abs agglutinate with O polysaccharide on Proteus just like Rickettsiae |
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Mortality rate of Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever?
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75% if not diagnosed early
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Causative agent of typhus?
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Rickettsiae prowazekii
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Transmission of Typhus?
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Pediculus: head/body lice
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Pathogenicity of Typhus?
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infected lice defecates into host and transmits agent
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Symptoms of Typhus?
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-maculopapular rash (trunk to extremities) REVERSE of ricketssiae ricketsii
- 104 F fever causes hallucinations/delerium |
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Treatment of Typhus, Diagnosis, and Prevention?
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- tetracycline, chloramphenicol
- good hygiene needed - Weil-Felix test |